Video Day 1: Cell Organelles - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Day 1 cell organelles from the lecture notes.

Nucleus

Large, spherical organelle that houses genetic material and controls cell activities; surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane with pores surrounding the nucleus; regulates exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

Dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced and ribosome subunits are assembled.

Mitochondria

Double-membrane organelle with cristae; contains circular DNA; site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.

Ribosomes

Non-membrane-bound particles; 80S in cytoplasm and 70S in chloroplasts/mitochondria; synthesize proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Membrane network studded with ribosomes; synthesizes and transports proteins.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Membrane network without ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies substances.

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound vesicles with digestive enzymes that break down waste and foreign material.

Centrioles & Microtubules

Cylindrical microtubule structures that organize spindle fibers during cell division and provide structural support.

Cilia

Hair-like projections on the cell surface made of microtubules; move the cell or fluids over the cell surface.

Microvilli

Small finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption.

Chloroplasts

Double-membrane organelle containing thylakoids with chlorophyll and small circular DNA; site of photosynthesis.

Cell Wall (Plant Cells)

Rigid layer outside the plasma membrane made of cellulose; provides structural support and protection; maintains cell shape.

Plasmodesmata

Channels through cell walls that connect plant cells, allowing transport and communication.

Large Permanent Vacuole & Tonoplast (Plant Cells)

Large central vacuole surrounded by tonoplast; stores water, ions, nutrients and maintains turgor pressure.

Cell Surface Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates; regulates entry/exit of substances and participates in signaling and recognition.