ch 1 civics

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to the Indian Constitution and governance.

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19 Terms

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Laws

A system of rules recognized by a country to govern the actions of its citizens.

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Amendment

An official change to a rule or law.

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State

A definite territory or nation considered an organized political community under one government.

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Role of a Constitution

Basic rules which safeguard the interests of diverse groups of people and are laid down in the form of a constitution.

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Rule of law

No one is above the law; people in positions of power should be guided by law and citizens should have equal rights and responsibilities.

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Legitimacy of law

The constitution authorizes institutions to implement the law, legitimizing it and aiming to bring about social equality.

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Preamble

A brief introductory note at the beginning of the Constitution that lists the source of authority, system of government, objectives, and date of adoption.

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Justice

Securing social, political, and economic justice; involving no discrimination, bridging the gap between rich and poor, and ensuring the right to participate in state affairs.

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Liberty

Minimum rights enjoyed by every person in a community for free and civilised existence, with certain restrictions and attached duties.

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Equality

Ensuring equal status and opportunity for all individuals by removing discrimination and providing equal protection under the law.

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Fraternity

A spirit of brotherhood among the people of India, achieved through common citizenship and equal rights, preserving the dignity of each individual.

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Socialism

Securing economic justice and equality of opportunity for all, bridging the gap between the rich and the poor, envisioning a mixed economy with growth of agriculture and industrialisation.

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Federalism

Existence of two or more tiers of government with powers divided between the union and state governments.

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Parliamentary form of Government

A system where the head of state may be a monarch or president with a ceremonial position, while real power rests with the Prime Minister and Cabinet who are accountable to the legislature.

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Separation of Powers

The executive, legislature, and the judiciary; each acting as a check on the other to control arbitrary use of power.

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Fundamental Rights

Ensure secularism, socialism, freedom of religion, culture, education, equality, constitutional remedies, and protection against exploitation.

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Directive Principles of State Policy

Based on the concept of welfare state, serving as guidelines for the government to establish political, economic, and social justice.

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Secularism

No discrimination on the basis of religion is allowed, equality is assured to all citizens irrespective of religion, and the state is impartial towards all religions.

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Constitution-A living Document

Allows the government to make changes to the laws by amending the Constitution in response to the changing needs of society.