SLHS 303 Exam 5

Typical speech rate

About 175 words per minute.

Main cavities of the vocal tract

Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities.

Separation of nasal cavity

Nasal septum and conchae (superior, middle, inferior).

Pharyngeal cavity sections

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Mobile articulators

Lips, velum, tongue, mandible (jaw), pharynx.

Immobile articulators

Teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate.

Chewing (mastication)

Biological function of teeth

Types of permanent teeth

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars.

Function of orbicularis oris

Puckering lips and tight lip closure.

Function of buccinator

Pulls lips laterally, tenses cheeks.

Function of zygomaticus major

Pulls lip upward and laterally (smiling).

Facial nerve innervation

CN VII

Masseter muscle function

Elevates and protrudes the mandible.

Temporalis muscle function

Retracts and elevates the mandible.

Lateral pterygoid function

Depresses and laterally moves mandible.

Jaw muscle innervation

CN V (trigeminal nerve).

Function of levator veli palatini

Elevates the soft palate.

Function of tensor veli palatini

Tenses soft palate, dilates eustachian tube.

Function of muscular uvulae

Shortens uvula and aids VP closure.

Velopharyngeal closure patterns

Coronal, sagittal, circumferential.

Muscular hydrostat example

Tongue – maintains volume while moving.

Superior longitudinal muscle

Elevates tip and helps retract tongue.

Genioglossus muscle

Protrudes, cups, and retracts tongue.

Styloglossus muscle

Retracts and elevates tongue.

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Narrow the pharynx (superior, middle, inferior).

Stylopharyngeus function

Elevates and widens pharynx and larynx.

Palatopharyngeus function

Narrows pharynx, depresses soft palate.

Pharyngeal swallow trigger

Bolus reaching anterior faucial pillars.

Oral prep phase

Manipulation of food into bolus.

Pharyngeal swallow events

VP closure, hyolaryngeal movement, airway closure, UES opening, base of tongue movement.

Peristalsis

Sequential contraction moving bolus through esophagus.

Bolus

Collected mass of food ready to swallow.

Penetration

Food entering larynx but not past vocal folds.

Aspiration

Food/liquid entering airway past vocal folds.

Backflow

Food moving backward in the digestive system.