Pre-Columbian, Colonial, and Religious History Flashcards

Clovis People

First widely recognized Native Americans in North America (~11,000 years ago).

Olmec, Maya, Aztec

Major civilizations in Mesoamerica before European contact; advanced in writing, math, agriculture.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who sailed in 1492 and started the Columbian Exchange.

Encomienda system

Spanish settlers could demand labor and tribute from Native Americans.

Jamestown

Founded in 1607; first permanent English colony, established for economic gain.

Pilgrims

English settlers in 1620 who created the Mayflower Compact for self-government.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement for self-government created by the Pilgrims in 1620.

Puritans

English Protestants seeking to 'purify' the Church; founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

Indentured servants

Europeans working 4-7 years in exchange for passage to America.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 event that led to a shift from indentured servants to reliance on African slavery.

Pequot War

1637 conflict where colonists and allies destroyed the Pequot tribe in Connecticut.

King Philip's War

1675-1676 Native resistance in New England that was crushed, resulting in heavy casualties.

Pueblo Revolt

1680 uprising where Pueblo expelled Spanish from New Mexico for 12 years.

Stono Rebellion

1739; the largest colonial slave revolt that led to stricter slave codes.

Pocahontas

Powhatan's daughter who helped mediate peace with Jamestown settlers.

Powhatan

Leader of the Powhatan Confederacy; significant in early Jamestown relations.

Roger Williams

Banished from Massachusetts Bay for advocating religious freedom; founded Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan clergy and was banished in 1637.

Great Awakening

1730s-40s religious revival characterized by emotional preaching and new denominations.

Puritans vs Quakers

Puritans were strict with little tolerance; Quakers promoted equality, tolerance, and peace.

1492

Year Columbus arrived in the Americas, marking the beginning of the Columbian Exchange.

1607

Year Jamestown was founded.

1620

Year Pilgrims landed at Plymouth and established the Mayflower Compact.

1676

Year of Bacon's Rebellion and King Philip's War.

1680

Year of the Pueblo Revolt.

1681

Year Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn.

1730s-1740s

Period during which the Great Awakening occurred.

1739

Year of the Stono Rebellion.