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failure point
condition caused by collapse, break, or bending. structure can’t fulfill its purpose.
cross-sectional area
surface or shape exposed by cutting straight in right angles to the axis. used to find area of 3d objects
feedback
return of input from prior output. used in auto-correction or for changes in machines, systems, processes
flange
broad ridge or a pair of ridges at a right angle to strengthen and stiffen a structure
flaps
located in the midpoint of each wing. increases lifting efficiency and decreases stall speed
FMS
flight mangement system. uses preprogrammed databases for air routes
fuselage
houses the cabin, cockpit, and common attachment to other parts of plane
GA
civil aviation that doesn’t have an air schedule.
galaxy
assembly of stars, matter, gas. held by gracity
horizontal stabalizer
structure located at the tail of the plane. keeps fuselage aligned in pitch. it’s horizontal but the forces it creates are vertical
generator
device that mechanical energy → electrical energt
geostationary earth orbits
GEO. orbits where a satellite stays in one spot with respect to earth
glider
aircraft without engine
GPS
global positioning system. highly accurate position and velocity information and precise time
high hypersonic
aircraft speed at Mach 10-25
wing span
dist. of wingtip to wingtip
hypersonic
mach 5-10
compression
material made with multiple layers bounded by a matrix
IFR
instrument flight rules. rules that make intstrument flight
ILS
instrument landing system. physical visual aids to land and electronic instruments; localizer, glideslope, outer marker, middle marker, and approach lights.
indicated speed
speed shown on the aircraft indicator
inclination
angle between Earth’s equatorial plane and plane of orbit
input
information fed by data processing
INS
inertial navigation system. RNAV system that is self-contained navigation.
intake stroke
when the piston moves away from piston head
kell effect
flat surfaces behind the center of gravity tend to weathervane with the wind(points to where the wind is going)
kessler syndrome
prediction of future collisions in orbit
knots
measure of speed in aircrafts and boats in nautical mile
L/MF
low or medium frequency. 190-535 kHz is low, above 300 kHz is medium
LAAS
local area augmentation system. focuses on airport area
lapse rate
rate at which temp decreases when increasing altitude
lateral axis
horizontal line perpendicular to plane’s airpath.
latitude
place from the equator form the two poles. IIIIII
leading edge
part of airfoil that meets airflow first
