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E-stim
Using electricity to stimulate the body
Can be for muscle contraction or sensation
Contraindications
Near pacemakers or metal (ex. ORIF)
Diminished sensation
Pregnancy
Wound, fragile skin, cancer
NMES & FES
Used to evoke muscle contraction to improve:
Motor control
Strength
ROM
TENS
No muscle contraction
Used for pain control
Best for acute pain (ex. Fractures, sprains)
Helpful for trigger points
Iontophoresis
Used to apply topical medication
Creates a pumping action qq2