S138 Unit One Review

Autotroph

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water.

Heterotroph

organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer

Decomposer

organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter

Prokaryotic

An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic

A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals).

Cellulose

a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls

Peptidoglycan

A complex carbohydrate that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid

Chitin

a complex carbohydrate found in fungal cell walls

Ingestion

internal digestion of foods

absorbtion

external digestion of foods

Unicellular

Made of a single cell

Multicellular

Consisting of many cells

Kingdom

First and largest category used to classify organisms

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Genus

A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species

Family

Group of genera that share many characteristics

Order

Group of similar families

Class

Group of similar orders

Phylum

Group of closely related classes

Binomial nomenclature

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

independent variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

dependent variable

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

Constant Variable

A variable that is not changed in an experiment

x-axis

location of independent variable on a graph

y-axis

Location of dependent variable on a graph

Characteristics of the Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotic, Unicellular, Cell wall of peptidoglycan

Characteristics of the Kingdom Protista

Eukaryotic, multicellular, may be autotrophic or heterotrophic

Characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph (absorbers), non-motile, cell wall:chitin

Characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae

eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, motile, cell wall:cellulose

Characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia

-eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic (ingestion), motile, no cell wall

Purpose of having large test groups in experimentation

Elimination/reduction of random errors

Control

standard for comparison

Number of independent variables tested in an experiment

One

Elements of a good graph

Title, Labels, Units, Even Scaling

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving