Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Insulin is a
hormone that is secreted after eating a meal
glucose can be stored as
glycogen
Type 1 diabetes is
when the body does not produce insulin 10% cases are type 1
type 2 diabetes
body does not produce enough insulin for proper function 90% of cases are type 2
Carbohydrates
major source of energy
saccharides another name
produce photosynthesis
oxidized in living cells
Monosaccharides
3-8 carbon chain
aldehyde group (aldoses)
ketone group (ketoses)
hydroxyl group but no carbonyl
Aldopentose a monosaccharide that has how may carbons.
Ketohexose a monosaccharide has how many carbon group
5, 6
stereoisomers can either be
chiral or achiral
What is chiral?
when mirror images of organic molecules cannot be matched (nonsuperimposable)
What is achiral?
When mirror image can be identical (superimposable)
Haworth Projection
sugar representation that shows it in a bottom representation of a ring
In a alpha haworth projection, the anomeric carbon atom has
Hydrogen shows at the top
Hydroxide at the bottom
In a beta haworth projection, the anomeric carbon atom has
hydrogen shows at the bottom
hydroxide shows at the top
monosaccharides physical properties
high melting points
high solubility in water
low solubility in organic solvents
Brain and RBC only use
glucose
DIsaccharides
two monosaccharides linked
dehydration reaction
glucose + glucose =
maltose
glucose + galatose =
lactose
glucose + fructose =
sucrose
Lactose can exist in both ___ and has what kind of glycosidic linkage
alpha and beta anomers, Beta(1-4)
Sucrose can only exist in ___ form and has what kind of glycosidic linkage and the enzyme
one, Alpha(1-2), sucrase
Maltose is ____ and has what kind of glycosidic linkage and the enzyme
malt sugar, alpha (1-4), maltase/amylase
Polysaccharides
monosaccharides joined together
storage for animals and plants
ex. amylose, amylopectin
glycogen
animals use it as glucose storage
stored in liver
Polysaccharide like cellulose is composed of ____ linkage
Beta(1-4) linkage
D isomer has
last “-OH” group is on the right
L isomer has
last “-OH” group is on the left
