toddler 1-3 yrs Growth & development

toddler 1-3 yrs Physical growth

Physical growth Half adult height

by 2 year

toddler 1-3 yrs Weight gain

4-6 pounds per year.

toddler 1-3 yrs Height

2.5 inches per year.

Anterior fontanels close by

18 months.

Head size more proportional to the

body by age 3

Head circumference =

chest circumference by 1-2 years of age.

At 30 months(2½ yrs)

4x their birth weight.

toddler 1-3 yrs Organ systems maturing

respiratory .Neurological. Cardiovascular

toddler 1-3 yrs Gastrointestinal

Stomach increases in size; small intestine grows in length. Toddlers can eat more as their stomachs increase in size.

toddler 1-3 yrs Genitourinary system

Bladder and kidney reach adult function by 16 to 24 months; bladder capacity increases; urethra remains short. (UTIs)

toddler 1-3 yrs Musculoskeletal system

Bones increase in length; muscle matures; swayback and pot belly appear due to weak muscles until 3 years old.

Developmental screening

Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Denver II Developmental Screening Test, Autism screening (M-Chat)

Toddlers

More aware of gender differences. Explore their body. Happiest with rituals and routines. Terrified of Separation from parent. (separation anxiety), Have a difficult time managing impulsive emotional behaviors. Mirror emotions of their parents.

Toilet Training Wait until 2 years old! Toddler toilet recommended. Reward system, Promote modesty.

Toilet Training Signs

regular bowel movements, knowing when they have to go, curiosity about the bathroom, ability to pull down their own pants.

toddler 1-3 yrs Play time!!

At least 30 minutes of structured physical activity 1-3 hours of unstructured physical activity per day, Solitary vs Peer vs Parallel, Short attention span. change toys frequently, Blocks, Cardboard boxes, Books, Finger paints, Thick Crayons, Tossing balls

toddler 1-3 yrs Receptive language

is greater than expressive language.

1 year

1- word sentences and should know at least 3-5 words.

2 years

2-3 word sentences

3 years

3-4 word sentences

toddler 1-3 Echolalia

repetition of words without understanding

toddler 1-3 Telegraphic speech

Contains only essential points

toddler 1-3 Nutrition

1000-1400 Calories/ Day, Offer a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods, Picky Eating & Physiological Anorexia, Cut foods appropriately to prevent choking., Offer child size utensils., Use a high chair., Minimize distractions

Key nutrients to provide

Vit A, Calcium, Iron,

Chocking hazards

Nuts, grapes, Hot dogs, Raw carrtos, popcorn

Sleep guidelines for the toddler

11-14 hours, Sleep through the night, Take one daytime nap., Resistance to bedtime and fears is common.

HEALTH PRoMOTION

Safe Car Seat (Rear facing), Firearms in locked boxes or cabinets, Check water temperature., Thermostats on hot water heaters should be turned down to less than 120 F, Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke, Prevent drowning. Swimming lessons and water safety, No Plastic bags, Prevent poisoning, Dental Visits and Dental Care

Growth and development preschooler 3-5 years

Growth rate slows and stabilizes, Become more slender and sturdy, graceful and agile., Males and females are similar in size and proportion.

preschooler 3-5 years growth milestones

2 to 3 inches per year. Length of skull increases slightly

preschooler 3-5 years weight

4- 5 pounds per year. Loss of baby fat and growth of muscle. 20 Deciduous Teeth

Fine motor skill development By age 3

Learns to draw a circle, should be able to dress themselves. (May struggle with buttons.)

Fine motor skill development By age 4

Uses scissors safely, copies capital letters, draws circles and squares, learns to lace shoes, and can draw a person with 2-4 body parts.

Fine motor skill development By age 5

Prints some letters, draws a person with at least 6 body parts, can learn to tie shoe laces, copies triangle and other geometric patterns, cares for their own toileting needs.

preschooler 3-5 Discipline

Short, immediate and age appropriate. after they disobey. Struggle with emotional regulation. Firm consistent and empathetic boundaries. sense of safety, predictability, and security. Use positive praise and redirect when possible.

BED WETTING (enuresis) and regression

Teach a bedtime toileting routine How often and under which circumstances enuresis or encopresis does occur.

Regression

can occur when a child experiences trauma or a difficult life transition.

Enuresis

involuntary or accidental urination. Clinical issue over 5 years old.

Encopresis

involuntary passing of stool into clothing.

In the hospital

Feelings of guilt “Did I do something wrong?” Give small tasks & praise, Give rewards, Irrational Fears, They love band-aids., Teach them about their body, privacy & safety, Maintain privacy . Picky eaters so

Health promotion of the preschooler

Building self-esteem. Booster seats, Screening for developmental delay, Bike safety, Dental Care, Lead Screening, Reading/ Language development

Health Promotion Preschooler exercise & healthy habits

1000-1800 calories a day of nutrient dense foods. Encourage trying new foods. Encourage an array of colors. At least 180 minutes of physical activity per day with 60 minutes being moderate to vigorous activity., BMI screening

Toddler milestones – 12 months (1 yr) Motor

Pulls up to standing, Walks holding onto furniture or parent’s hand, Drinks from cup, Stacks 2 blocks

Toddler milestones – 12 months (1 yr) Cognitive (Piaget)

Able to place block in a container, Looks for hidden objects

Toddler milestones – 12 months (1 yr) Language

Waves “bye-bye”, Understands the word “no”, Calls parent by special name

Toddler milestones – 12 months (1 yr) Social (Erikson)

Autonomy vs shame/Doubt Plays games with parents, Solitary play not with other

At 15-18 months Motor

Takes a few steps – walking independently, Uses fingers to feed self, Attempts using spoon, Scribbles, Climbs

At 15-18 months Cognitive (Piaget) Developing intuitive thought

Attempts to use things correctly (phone, book, cup), Mimics, Plays with toys in simple manner

At 15-18 months Language

Progresses from 1-3+ words, Follows simple directions, Asks for things by pointing

At 15-18 months Social (Erikson) Autonomy vs shame/Doubt

Claps hands, Shows affection, Helps with putting clothes on.

At 24 months (2 years) Motor

Kicks ball, Walks up few stairs without help, Uses spoon for eating

At 24 months (2 years) Cognitive (Piaget) Preoperational egocentrism

Uses knobs, buttons and switches on toys, Multitasks (holds something in one hand while using the other hand), Lacks logical reasoning

At 24 months (2 years) language

Says 2 or more words together, Knows and points to 2 or more body parts, Uses more gestures

At 24 months (2 years) Social (Erikson) Autonomy vs shame/Doubt

Looks for reaction of others, Notices emotions of others, parallel play (besides another not together)

At 30 months (2 ½ - 3 years) Motor

Can twist doorknob, Takes clothes off independently, Jumps with both feet

At 30 months (2 ½ - 3 years Cognitive (Piaget) Developing intuitive thought

Uses pretend play, Simple problem solving skills, Knows at least one color when asked

At 30 months (2 ½ - 3 years Language

Speaks about 50 words, Links words together and uses verbs

At 30 months (2 ½ - 3 years Social (Erikson) Autonomy vs shame/Doubt

Progresses from parallel play to playing with others (associative play), Follows simple routines

At 3-5 Cognitive (Piaget)

Egocentric to social awareness, Mahical thinking, animism, centration, learning colors/numbers, attention span of 5-10 mins, irrational fears,

At 3-5 Language

Simple sentences +4 works, converses with others, develops story telling, recites. Words from story rhyme, song

At 3-5 Social Erikson

Initiative vs Guilt, pretend play, plays with other children , likes to help others, follows, rules, takes turn (cooperative play)

At 3-5 Freud and morals

Phallic Stage, motived by reward vs punshipment