CSD 311 - Speech and Hearing Science

These flashcards cover key concepts from the CSD 311 lecture on Speech and Hearing Science, including fundamental physics principles, definitions, relationships among sound properties, and characteristics of sine waves.

What is acoustics?

A branch of physics that studies the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.

What is the relationship between speech and hearing?

Speech is a physical phenomenon; understanding speech and hearing starts with understanding how sound behaves.

What equation represents velocity in motion?

v = at, where v is velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.

What is potential energy?

Energy that is stored in an object due to its position or shape, especially when the change is reversible.

How is simple harmonic motion defined?

The simplest back-and-forth motion that nature can produce, consisting of a repetitive pattern.

What two forces keep a tuning fork in motion?

Elasticity and inertia.

What is a pure tone?

The simplest sine wave, resulting from a vibration that repeats at the same rate and is periodic.

What are three parameters that characterize sine waves?

Amplitude, frequency, and starting phase.

How is amplitude defined?

The amount of vibratory displacement or how far the vibrator moves as a result of force.

What is frequency?

How often a wave repeats itself in a given amount of time, typically measured in Hertz (Hz).

What is the formula relating frequency and period?

Frequency (f) and period (T) are inversely related: f = 1/T.

How is the period of a sine wave defined?

The amount of time it takes to complete one full cycle, expressed in seconds or milliseconds.

What is instantaneous amplitude?

The value of amplitude at a specific point in time.

What does root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude represent?

The average amplitude calculated from the square root of the average of all squared instantaneous amplitudes over one period.

What characterizes a sine wave in terms of air pressure?

A sine wave represents changes in air pressure or particle/object amplitude displacement over time.

What defines the starting phase of a sinusoid?

The point in the displacement cycle at which the object begins to vibrate.

What does an out-of-phase sinusoid mean?

A sinusoid that starts at a different point in its cycle relative to another sinusoid.

What frequency corresponds to a period of 0.01 seconds?

100 Hz, because frequency and period are inversely related.

What is displacement in relation to waveforms?

The distance a wave moves from its rest position at any given time.

What are the maximum positive and negative displacements called?

Peak amplitude and peak-to-peak amplitude.

What does the term 'amplitude-time graph' refer to?

Waveforms that represent sound and illustrate amplitude as a function of time.

What does it mean for a wave to be 'in phase'?

Waves that start at the same point in their cycles are considered in phase.

How can sound waveforms be visualized?

As sine waves displaying changes in amplitude over time.

Describe the significance of elasticity in simple harmonic motion.

Elasticity is the restoring force that causes an elastic object to bounce back after being stretched or displaced.

What is the relationship between period and frequency?

Period is the inverse of frequency; as one increases, the other decreases.

Explain the nature of a sine wave derived from circular motion.

A sine wave is the linear projection of uniform circular motion that results in periodic and symmetric motion.

What happens to the amplitude of a wave as energy increases?

The amplitude of the wave increases as the energy of the wave increases.