Early Stuarts, Civil War and the English Republic

Term used to describe the religious settlement fashioned by Elizabeth in 1559, which was a compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism. Notably, although celebration of the mass was henceforth forbidden, bishops remained.

Middle Way or Via Media

The death of Elizabeth I occurred in which year?

1603

A ________ was a small group of courtiers, usually based on support for the leading figure, or figures, of the group, for example the Howards, although the identity was often based on policy as well, for example war with Spain.

Faction

Who led the rebellion against Elizabeth in Ireland?

Earl of Tyrone or Hugh O’Neill

War with Spain lasted between ____ and ____.

1585-1604

Which local government officials were granted their authority by the crown and acted as ‘the great surveyors of the kingdom’?

JPs

These gave to the purchaser the sole right either to make or to distribute a particular commodity, and were sold by the crown for profit. (M_______)

Monopolies

How many MPs were there in 1603?

462

During James I’s reign parliament sat for a total of about __ months?

33

The law of custom and practice, upheld by and developed by judges’ decisions over many years?

Common Law

Law passed by parliament, and act of parliament.

Statute

Which medieval grant made by King John in 1215 remained an important constitutional document in the seventeenth century?

Magna Carta

What was the name of the dominant figure at Elizabeth’s court in the last few years of her reign, who made secret contact with James VI in order to ensure that, on Elizabeth’s death, authority was passed quickly and peacefully to the Stuart king?

Sir Robert Cecil, later earl and Marquis of Salisbury

The term given to a church attached to and subordinate to the government?

Erastian church

Most Englishmen in the period believed that the pope was the ________?

Antichrist

In which year was the Treaty of London signed with Spain?

1604

How many years did James rule as King of England?

22

What were the hereditary peers, those who were not churchmen, known as? (L____ T________)

Lords Temporal

How many hereditary peers were there in 1628?

126

Including the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, how many Lords Spiritual were there in parliament?

26

How many parliamentary bills did James veto during his reign?

7

Only men who owned land with a rateable value of _____ shillings a year or more had the franchise

40

The total electorate numbered ______ men.

300,000

In 1603, what was a parliamentary subsidy worth?

£70,000

Parliament was needed to make law? True or false.

False

MPs were so relieved that the Gunpowder Plot failed that they voted James a financial grant of £______.

£400,000

Which MP’s election in 1604 did James order his judges to overturn?

Francis Goodwin

The difficult 1614 parliament became known as the _____ ________.

Addled Parliament

What was the name given to the long, complex and bloody series of wars involving most of the continental great powers which began with a dispute between the Habsburgs and a German ruler, the elector Palatine who was James I’s son-in-law? (___ _______ _____’ ___)

Thirty Years’ War

How many subsidies was James granted in the first session of his fourth parliament (1624-25)?

3

What was the legal process by which MPs could bring government ministers and officials to account by the Commons putting charges to the Lords?

Impeachment

James believed that he could restore his son-in-law to the Palatinate and secure peace in Europe by marrying his son Charles to a princess of which kingdom?

Spain

How many subsidies was James granted in the first session of his fourth parliament (1624-25)?

3

What was the main source of crown wealth in 1603?

Rent or crown lands

______ was the label that covered all those who wanted to purify the church, to remedy its faults and to reach new standards of godliness. They are often defined as ‘the hotter sort of Protestants’.

Puritans

What piece of legislation said the monarch was the head of the church?

Act of Supremacy

In what year was Elizabeth I excommunicated?

1570

As the king was riding south in April 1603, English Puritans presented him with a document. What was it called?

Millenary Petition

Give the month and year in which the Hampton Court conference convened?

January 1604

At the Hampton Court conference, the Puritans were promised a new translation of the Bible which became the Authorised Version of 1611. How is it more popularly known?

King James Bible or King James Version

Roughly how many ministers (1% of the total) refused to subscribe to the 1604 (Bancroft’s) Canons?

90

Translate ‘adiaphora’ (precisely).

Things indifferent

What is the name given to the white linen vestment worn over the cassock?

Surplice

Which Church official did Puritans most detest?

Bishop

Anyone who refused to attend the national church, the Church of England, was known as a

Recusant

In which year of his English reign did James first issue a proclamation banishing priests and ordered the collection of recusancy fines?

1604

Who was the leading figure in planning the Gunpowder Plot? (Not Guy Fawkes.)

Robert Catesby

What was the most important anti-Catholic measure in the immediate aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot?

Oath of Allegiance, 1608

Who was the anti-Catholic figure appointed as archbishop of Canterbury in 1611?

George Abbot

What was the name given to the belief that ‘by an immutable [unchangeable] counsel God hath once for all determined both whom He would admit to salvation [Heaven] and whom He would admit to destruction [Hell]’ [chief doctrine of Calvinism]?

Predestination

In 1622, in order to gag criticism of royal policy, James issued another royal document. What was it called?

Directions for Preachers

Who wrote ‘A new gag for an old goose’, a work which attacked the Calvinist belief that God alone determined whether a soul would go to Heaven or Hell?

Richard Montague

When criticised for not punishing Montagu what was James’ (precise) verbal response?

‘If this be popery I am a papist’

James hoped to solve the German crisis by marrying his heir, Charles, to a princess of which kingdom?

Spain

What was the mother Church of those who held Puritan views?

Calvinist

The crown’s right to buy and transport provisions at less than half the market price.

Purveyance

The practice whereby the crown sold the sole right to make or distribute a particular product or commodity, usually for a number of years.

Monopolies

The practice whereby when a minor - under the age of 21 if male, under 14 if female - inherited property the revenue of the minor’s estate went to the crown? (When the heir came of age, he was often forced to make a payment to the crown in order to regain control of his estate.)

Wardship

Duties on goods entering or leaving the country, which were additional to those normally charged.

Impositions

Who was the Scottish favourite whose motto was ‘Spend and God will send’? (Give full name and title)

Robert Carr, earl of Somerset

How much money did the king give Carr in total?

£400,000

What was the name of James’ greatest favourite (created duke of Buckingham in 1623)?

George Villiers

How much did the royal debt stand at in 1610?

£300,000

In which year was the new title, baronet, created?

1611

How much did a baronetcy cost?

£1095

How much did peerages cost?

£10,000

How much did the sale of honours earn the crown during the period 1603-29?

£620,000

Who was granted a monopoly to export cloth in its finished, or dyed, state, rather than in its unfinished ‘white’ form in 1614?

Cockayne

Which English neighbour did the Cockayne Project most enrage?

The Dutch

Which minister sponsored ‘the Great Contract’? (Give his noble title.)

Salisbury or Robert Cecil

What annual income did the Great Contract propose that parliament would offer the crown?

£200,000

In what year did Charles’ older brother, Henry, die?

1612

In what year did Charles marry Princess Henrietta Maria of France?

1625

Who was Charles’ court artist?

Anthony Van Dyck

Who emerged as the leading figure in the Commons’ opposition to royal policies in the first three parliaments of Charles I. He was an outspoken critic of Buckingham and played a leading role in events which brought about the Petition of Right. Arrested after the presentation of the Three Resolutions in 1629, he was placed in the Tower where he died in 1632.

John Eliot

Who wrote that ‘Charles I, whatever his virtues, was unfit to be king’?

L. J. Reeve

Which historian has defended Charles by cautioning that ‘it is worth considering whether the culprit [for the difficulties that Charles encountered] was the declining quality of royal leadership or a rapidly changing political universe’?

Thomas Cogswell

Which historian has suggested a middle way between these opinions by arguing that Charles ‘is a necessary, although not sufficient cause of the Civil War’?

John Morrill

What was the name given to French Protestants, who had been granted extensive civil and religious rights in the Edict of Nantes (1598)? (Begins with ‘h’.)

Huguenots

With which Scandinavian kingdom did Charles ally in 1625 to fight the Habsburgs in northern Germany?

Denmark

Who was the ruler of Denmark?

Christian IV

Who was the mercenary commander to whom Charles and Buckingham entrusted 6,000 soldiers in 1625 to recover the Palatinate?

Mansfeld

Who was the French king who was meant to assist this expedition but failed to do so over a dispute about strategy?

Louis XIII

What was the size of the dowry that Henrietta Maria brought with her?

£240,000

What traditional financial right, worth almost 50% of the crown’s ordinary revenue by 1625, did parliament grant Charles for one year only?

Tonnage and poundage

Of the 12,000 troops who set out for Cadiz in October 1625, how many returned?

5000

The failure of his second parliament to fund the war with Spain saw Charles resort to two tactics to save money. These were the F_____ L_____ and B________g?

Forced Loan and Billeting

Which two churchmen produced sermons which stressed the subject’s duty of obedience to the King’s commands in all matters during this controversy?

Sibthorpe and Maynwaring

Who wrote Appello Caesarem?

Richard Montagu

Before Charles’ second parliament met, Buckingham hosted meetings of anti-Calvinist and Calvinist representatives. Where did these meetings take place?

York House Conference

Whose writings did the Calvinist representatives want banned at the conference?

Richard Montagu

Who was the first minister of France in this period?

Cardinal Richelieu

In 1627 Buckingham led a naval expedition to try to land troops at La Rochelle to support the Huguenots. On which island did he land his troops?

Ile de Rhe

Which fort was Buckingham unable to take?

St. Martin

When Charles summoned his third parliament two important legal theorists played important roles in confirming in MPs’ minds the illegality of Charles’ policies since the second parliament. Who were they?

Sir Edward Coke and John Selden

Who described Buckingham in 1628 as ‘the grievance of grievances?’

Sir Edward Coke

Who was Buckingham’s assassin?

John Felton

In what year was Laud made Bishop of London?

1628

When the second session of the 1628-29 parliament met religion caused tempers to flare. When on 2 March 1629, the speaker, Sir John Finch, tried to extend the adjournment for another week what document did the MPs forcibly present?

Three Resolutions

In what year did England conclude a second peace with Spain?

1630