EURO midterm prep

The Act of Supremacy

Required all officials, clergy, and candidates for university degrees to take an oath acknowledging Elizabeth I as church governor

Northern rising

Uprising during reign of Elizabeth I in an attempt to get Mary on the throne

Westernization

Peter the great implemented a western style bureaucracy into his government

Table of Ranks

Nobles achieved power through service to the state

Enhanced militarization

Peter the great enhanced is military to conquer the Baltic Sea from Sweden

Utopia

Thomas More calls for religious toleration and emphasizes church abuses

In praise of folly

Erasmus criticizes superstition and blind trust in the church

Erasmus belief

Away from tradition and toward scripture

Henry VIII

Made himself head of Church of England and broke away from Catholic Church

Act in restraint of appeals

Made pope’s authority not applicable in England

Salvation through faith alone

Lutheranism belief that removed the necessity of the clergy

Council of Trent

Reaffirmed position of pope and said that salvation was through faith and good works

Jesuits

Took an oath of loyalty to pope

Geneva

Calvinist city ran by the consistory, which was a group of elders that made decisions based on faith and law

Versailles

Forced nobles into dependence

Intendants

Centralized royal power by overseeing justice, finance, and police for the king in the provinces

Civil service

Men were chosen based on merit and skill for gov positions, making the state more efficient

Russian Orthodox Church

Was put under state control during the reign of peter the great

Revocation of the edict of Nantes

Ended religious toleration in France, increased the power of the Catholic Church

English civil war

War between royalists and parliamentarians, made England a constitutional monarchy

Dialogue concerning two world systems

Galileo goes against tradition and defends helicentrism

Discourse on Method

Descartes says that each man has equal reasoning and everything should be questioned

Principia

Newton declared that natural laws could be described with mathematical formula

Clockmaker

Newton saw God as a clockmaker, his intervention was necessary

English Bill of Rights

Reduced power o monarchy, gave more power to parliament, and reaffirmed Magna Carta

Increasing power of gentry

Monarchical power lessens with an increase in noble power leader to greater representation

Declaration of the rights of the man and of the citizen

Got rid of feudalism and extended natural rights to all, also declared the nation as sovereign

Radical jacobins

Replaced constituent assembly with legislative assembly

Reign of terror

Under the national convention they persecuted enemies of the republic

Napoleon

Overthrew the directory and named himself first consul

Locke

Believed in natural guaranteed rights of man “life, liberty, and property”

The civil constitution of the French clergy

Placed church under state control and made state authority higher than religious authority

Voltaire

Wanted a reduction in the power of the church

Napoleonic code

Made all people equal before the law

Montesquieu

Believed in equality before the law and through rulers should be held to the same laws as people