A&P Lab 3

What bone is fractured most often

Clavicle

What bone is fractured least often

Scapula

How much do you “shrink” daily and why?

You shrink about 12.7mm durning the day due to compression of the intervertebral discs

What material is the hardest on the human body

White enamel on teeth

When do babies start to ossify their knee caps?

2-6 years old

What are the cells in compact bone

Osteocytes

Where are the osteocytes housed in compact bone

Lacunae (Dark small blobs)

What structure contains the nerves and blood vessels in compact bone?

Central Canal (Haversian Canal)

What are the rings on the Compact bone

Lamellae which look like the rings on trees

What are the canals that radiate out from the central canal to the lamellae and the osteocytes

Canaliculi, They bring nutrients from the central canal to the lacunae

What do Osteoblast do for bones

They produce new bone tissue and repair bones

What do Osteoclasts do for the bones

They remove old bone tissue in order for the osteoblast to come and repair the bones. Hyperactivity of Osteoclasts will cause osteoporosis.

Where is bone marrow found

In spongy Bone

What are trabeculaes

The small alignment structure that makes up the honeycomb structure of the spongy bone

What are Meatus/Canal

Canal like passageway that goes though the bone ex.) External Acoustic meatus

What is a Fossa

Depressions in bones that allow for muscles and or joints, Shallow depression in bone (think bowl shaped depression) temporal fossa is this picture

What is a Notch

A chuck looks like it was taken out of the bone, indentation in the end of the bone

What is a groove

A narrow depression where blood vessels or nerves can travel along the bone (Think road/pathway)

What is a sinus bone marking

A vacant space in bone (nasal sinuses)

What are Fissure

Narrow slit-like opening, or deep groove allows for blood vessels or nerves to pass through

What is a Foramen

Specific holes round/oval that blood vessels and nerves go through

What is a process

Any prominent, projecting or bulging part of a bone that sticks out on main surface, serves as an attachment site for muscles, tendons, ligaments

What is a spine bone marking

sharp, slender projection

What is a condyle

A round, knuckle like bump at the end of a bone that connects to form a joint

What is a Trochanter

A large rough bony projection on the upper part of femur that serves as an important muscle attachment site

Point to the frontal bone

Point to parietal bone

There are two of them located on either sides of the head connecting at the top at the sagittal suture

Point to Coronal Suture

Point to lambdoid Suture

Point to Temporal Bones

2 one on each side

Point to the Occipital bone

Point to the sphenoid bone

hard to see makes up primary amount of eye socket, little bit of the sides of the skull as well

Point to the Ethmoid Bone

Hard to see but is located within eye socket by nose bridge

Point to the Lacrimal Bone

Think ELM going outward (lacrimal is involved in tear drainage, with the lacrimal fossa)

Point to the Lacrimal Fossa

Can tell that bone in the eye socket is the lacrimal bone because you can see the Fossa

Point to the maxilla Bone

Point to the Zygomatic Bone

What are Sutures in bones

Immovable Fibrous joint between skull bones

Point to the mandible

Point to the nasal Bones

Where is the mandibular symphysis located

in the middle/front of mandible it is where the two half’s fused together

Where is the Glabella located?

right in the middle of forehead in between eye sockets or brows

Where is the mental Foreman Located

two of them located on the mandible

Where is the infraorbital Foreman

located on the Maxilla bone under the eye socket

Where is the inferior orbital Fissure located?

within the eye socket the lower of the long “hole”

Where is the superior orbital fissure located?

within the eye socket the long “hole” that is high up on the skull

Where is the supraorbital foramen located?

two on the frontal bone

Where is the squamous suture?

Located in between the parietal and temporal bones

Where is the Occipitomastoid suture located

in between the occipital bone and the temporal bone

Where is the optic canal

Hole b/c called canal for optic nerve

Where is the Volmer Located

Where is the inferior nasal concha located

“bumps” in the nasal area but the lowers ones

Where is the middle nasal concha located

What is Special about the Petrous Part of the temporal bone

hardest bone in the body, contains essential parts of the inner ear, including the auditory canal, cochlea, jugular and carotid artery.

Tell me about the hyoid Bone

Does not connect to any other bone, Serves as an anchor for the tongue, and aids in swallowing and speech

How many Sinus’s in the face, and what are there purpose’s

4.) Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary, to lighten the skull, and resonance chambers for speech

Where are the Frontal sinus’s

the very top by the frontal bone

Where are the Ethmoid sinus’s located

right below the frontal sinus’s

Where are the sphenoid sinus located

right below the ethmoid sinus’s

Where are the Maxillary sinus located

on either side of nose by maxilla bone

What are Fontanels

Fibrous membranes between skull bones in fetus they will eventually close up as the child grows and they will be the suture marks

How many vertebrae are there

24

How many are cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

7-cervical(look like seahorse), 12-thoracic, 5-lumbar

What is C1 vertebrae

Atlas, responsible for holding your head up, and for the yes movement, doesn’t have a “body” it used the dens (odontoid process) projection as its body

What is the C2 vertebrae

Axis, responsible for the no motion

What are characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

there are 12 of them, they have coastal demifacets, important because they connect to the ribs, medium look like a giraffi

What are characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

there are five of them, support a lot of the body’s weight look like moose, large

What is located as the bottom the of lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum

What is located below the sacrum

Coccyx commonly known as the tail bone

What do intervertebral disc do for us

They absorb pressure between vertebrae, they are made of fibrocartilage

How many true ribs to we have and how to they attach to the body?

We have 7 true ribs(1-7), meaning they attach to the veritable and than to hyaline cartilage to attach to the sternum

How many false ribs do we have and how to they attach

we have 3 false ribs (8-10) that attach to the veritable but than attach to each others hyline cartilage to reach the sternum

how many floating ribs do we have

we have 2 (11-12) are connected to the vertebrae but not the the sternum

What is a trochlea

a bone that is shaped like a pulley or grooved wheel like in elbow

Point to the Foreman Ovale

Three holes in a row ros

point to the foreman rotundum

point to the foreman Spinosum

Point to the Foramen Lacerum

Point to the Jugular foramen

Point to the internal acoustic meatus

Point to the foramen magnum

Point to the hypoglossal canal

Point to the Incisive Fossa

Point to the carotid

Point to the Styloidmastoid Foramen

Point to the Petrous part of the bone

Point to the median sacral crest

How many Ribs do humans have

24 ribs (12 Pairs of ribs)

Point to the Stella Turcica

Point to the transverse foramen on the atlas