Thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system

What does the limbic system control?

Emotions and memory

Where is the limbic system located?

It sits at the border between the neocortex and the brainstem

What are some clearly identified parts of the limbic system?

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

Acts as the relay center of the brain

How does the thalamus process sensory inputs?

It receives sensory inputs (sight, hearing, touch) and forwards them to appropriate brain regions

What sensory input does not go through the thalamus?

Smell

What key function does the thalamus contribute to?

Consciousness derived from sensory inputs

What is a key function of the hypothalamus?

Maintains homeostasis such as body temperature and sleep-wake cycle

How does the hypothalamus affect mood and behavior?

It plays a role in the endocrine system

What emotions does the amygdala process?

Fear, anxiety, sadness, aggression

What can damage to the amygdala lead to?

A lack of emotional responses

What was notable about the woman without an amygdala?

She couldn't react to a horror movie or a haunted house

Why is the amygdala crucial for survival?

It is essential in fear-related situations

What can overstimulation of the amygdala lead to?

Phobias (irrational fear of harmless things)

What positive aspect is associated with the amygdala?

Enhances alertness and emotional connection, such as empathy

What key role does the hippocampus play in memory?

Converts short-term memory into long-term memory

What happened to Henry Molaison regarding his hippocampus?

His hippocampus was removed, leaving him unable to form new memories

Does the hippocampus store memories?

No, it plays a role in memory consolidation

Which popular culture reference depicts the effects of hippocampal damage?

The movie Ghajini

What overall role does the limbic system play in mental health?

It is vital for emotional responses, memory, and cognitive well-being