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deductive reasoning

A logical process where a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises provided, often moving from general principles to specific cases.

idiomatic expression

A phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning, often specific to a particular language or culture.

tautology

A statement that is true in every possible interpretation, often redundant, as it reiterates the same idea using different words.

polysemy

where a single word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, depending on context.

pragmatics

The branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in context and the social aspects of communication

homonym

sounds the same as another word but has different meaning

homograph

spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning

connotation

the implied or associated meaning of a word beyond its literal definition.

entaliment

a relationship between sentences where the truth of one sentence necessitates the truth of another

metonymy

a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.

code-switching

alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a conversation or communicative context.

denotation

the literal or primary meaning of a word, as opposed to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

synekdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole, or vice versa, such as using "wheels" to refer to a car.

idiolect

the unique language or speech pattern of an individual, influenced by personal experiences and social variables.

tautology

the repetition of an idea using different words, often seen as redundant, such as saying "free gift" or "ATM machine."

elicitation

the process of obtaining information or responses from individuals or groups, often used in research or data collection.

entailment

logical relationship where one statement follows from another in argumentation.

hyponyms

words that are more specific than a general category term, such as 'rose' being a hyponym of 'flower.'

slang

words or phrases that are informal and often specific to a particular group.

antonymy

two words express contrasting ideas hot vs cold

semantics

the study of meaning in language and language use.

discourse analysis

the analysis of written, spoken, or signed language to study communication and meaning in context.

cross-sectional

study that examines data from a population at one specific point in time.

idiolect

the speech habits of particular person.

syllable

the smallest unit of speech that combines one or more phonemes and carries one vowel sound.

Second Language Acquisition

the process by which individuals learn a language other than their native language.

forensic linguistics

the application of linguistic knowledge and methods to legal issues, including the analysis of written and spoken evidence.

neologism

a newly coined word or expression.

comparative reconstruction

a method in historical linguistics for reconstructing the features of a language through comparison with related languages.

acoustic phonetics

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds and their transmission through air.

descriptive grammar

a grammatical description of how a language is actually used by speakers, rather than how it should be used.