Consent and Confidentiality.

Display high-quality communication with patients and demonstrate competence in conducting a structured history

• Effective Communication: Involves clear, two-way communication with patients.

• Structured History: Use a systematic approach to gather key details about the patient's condition.

• Active Listening: Patient's views are heard, understood, and respected.

• Empathy & Rapport: Build trust to ensure patients feel supported and understood.

Demonstrate basic competence in physical examination of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems

• System-Specific Skills:

  • Cardiovascular: Pulse, heart sounds, BP measurement.

  • Respiratory: Inspection, percussion, auscultation, and palpation of lungs.

  • Gastrointestinal: Abdominal inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.

  • Neurological: Assess reflexes, cranial nerves, sensation, motor function.

• Systematic Approach: Follow a step-by-step examination process.

Demonstrate professional behaviour towards patients and colleagues and engagement in ‘critical reflection’ to learn from experiences

• Professional Behaviour: Respect, empathy, and ethical practice with patients and peers.

• Critical Reflection: Actively reflect on experiences to identify areas for growth.

• Ethical Principles: Adhere to confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence.

Identify the challenges faced by patients living with a chronic disease and their families

• Emotional Impact: Patients and families experience anxiety, depression, and fear.

• Financial Burden: Cost of treatment, medications, and time off work.

• Lifestyle Changes: Long-term adjustments to diet, exercise, and daily routines.

• Social Isolation: Chronic diseases may limit social interactions and independence

Explain the ethical principles underpinning patient care and the doctor-patient relationship including recognition of issues arising for doctors practicing in multicultural environments

• Core Ethical Principles:

  • Autonomy: Patients have the right to make their own decisions.

  • Beneficence: Act in the best interest of the patient.

  • Non-maleficence: Avoid causing harm.

  • Justice: Ensure fair distribution of healthcare resources.

• Cultural Competency: Respect diverse cultural values and beliefs in medical care.

BAN J

Illustrate how patients access the healthcare system including recognition of the social and cultural influences on health

• Access Points: Patients enter the healthcare system via GPs, clinics, ERs, and hospitals.

• Barriers to Access: Financial constraints, language barriers, and location.

• Social Determinants of Health: Factors like income, education, and social support impact health.

• Cultural Considerations: Respect different health beliefs, traditional remedies, and family involvement.

Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM) as applied to the clinical care of individual patients

• 3 Components of EBM:

  • Best Research Evidence: Use high-quality, up-to-date research.

  • Clinical Expertise: Use knowledge and experience to make clinical decisions.

  • Patient Values: Incorporate patient preferences and expectations.

• Application: Use evidence to select the best diagnostic tests and treatments.

Recognise the basic principles of therapeutics and issues involved in prescribing for patients

• Therapeutic Principles:

  • Right Drug: Select the most effective drug.

  • Right Dose: Use the correct dosage based on age, weight, and condition.

  • Right Patient: Check for allergies, comorbidities, and contraindications.

  • Right Time: Administer medication at appropriate intervals.

• Prescribing Issues:

  • Drug Interactions: Be aware of potential interactions with other medications.

  • Side Effects: Monitor for adverse reactions.

  • Patient Compliance: Ensure patients understand dosage, timing, and purpose of the drug