Anatomy chapter 1 book words

anatomy

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

physiology

The function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

regional anatomy

all the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.

systemic anatomy

body structure is studied system by system. for example, when studying the cardio-vascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body

surface anatomy

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. You use surface anatomy when you identify the bulging muscles beneath a bodybuilder’s skin , and clinicians use it to locate appropriate blood vessels in which to feel pulses and draw blood.

3 gross amatomy ways

regional, systemic, and surface

microscopic amatomy

deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye. for most such studies, exceedingly thin slices of body tissues are stained and mounted on glass slides to be examined under the microscope.

cytology

considers the cells of the body

histology

study of tissues

developmental anatomy

traces structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan.

embryology

Subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

renal physiology

concerns kidney function and urine production

neurophysiology

explains the workings of the nervous system

cardiovascular physiology

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

complementarity of structure and function

What a structure can do depends on its specific form. example is that bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

chemical level

the simplest level of the structural hierarchy

structural organization

atom → molecules → organelle → smooth muscle cell → smooth muscle tissues —> organ → organ system → organism

cellular level

All cells share some common functions, but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique function in the body.

tissue level

tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. the four basic types in the human body are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.

organ level

extremely complex functions become possible. ex is the stomach

organ system level

organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose. ex is the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system

organismal level

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.

maintainin its boundaries

so that its internal environment (inside)