GCU A&P HESI EXAM PRACTICE EXAM

Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

a. Right ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium

b. Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium

c. Left ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium

d. Right ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium

b. Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium

Where is the popliteal artery located?

a. Near the top of the cubital fossa

b. On the underside of the wrist

c. Below the jaw line between the trachea and sternomastoid muscle

d. Behind the knee

d. Behind the knee

A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of ____________.

a. unnecessary blood clotting

b. extensive bleeding

c. fatigue and shortness of breath

d. inability to fight infection

b. extensive bleeding

Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in leukocytes?

a. Golgi bodies

b. Mitochondria

c. Lysosomes

d. Ribosomes

c. Lysosomes

What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?

a. The formation of bile; Liver

b. The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow

c. The formation of white blood cells; Spleen

b. The formation of red blood cells; Heart

b. The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow

Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal?

a. Small intestine

b. Stomach

c. Oral cavity

d. Esophagus

c. Oral cavity

What is the purpose of gastric mucous?

a. To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

b. To prevent pathogens from being absorbed by the stomach lining and into the bloodstream.

c. To help break down fibrous foods.

d. To trap waste products to be turned into fecal matter.

a. To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

What is the function of endocrine glands?

a. They secrete products directly into a duct that carries the products to where they are needed.

b. They transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body.

c. They are a group of cells that respond to specific hormones.

d. They secrete hormones directly into the blood.

d. They secrete hormones directly into the blood.

What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate?

a. Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate

b. The release of water into the bladder to be voided as urine

c. Calcium reabsorption by the nephrons

d. The increase of calcium levels in the blood

a. Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

a. Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing posteriorly

b. Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed outward, and the palms facing anteriorly.

c. Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing towards anteriorly.

d. Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly

d. Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly

Which of the following is defined as "a group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?"

a. Tissues

b. Organs

c. Organ systems

d. Neuroglia

a. Tissues

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b. Nucleus

c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

d. Cell membrane

d. Cell membrane

A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the patient to have eaten a large amount of?

a. Carrots

b. Cabbage

c. Shellfish

d. Soda

a. Carrots

Which of the following glands secrete earwax?

a. Sebaceous

b. Ceruminous

c. Eccrine

d. Salivary

b. Ceruminous

Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are identified using the ABCDE method?

a. Leukemia

b. Squamous cell carcinoma

c. Melanoma

d. Basal cell carcinoma

c. Melanoma

Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg?

a. Rectus femoris

b. Vastus lateralis

c. Gracilis

d. Vastus medialis

b. Vastus lateralis

Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

a. Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

b. Heart rate decreases, pupils constrict, digestion increases

c. Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion increases

d. Heart rate increases, pupils constrict, digestion slows down

a. Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary system?

a. Ureter

b. Urethra

c. Epidiymis

d. Vas deferens

b. Urethra

The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following anatomical regions?

a. Thoracic

b. Pelvic

c. Brachial

d. Femoral

b. Pelvic

Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles?

a. Citric acid

b. Lactic acid

c. Hydrochloric acid

d. Folic acid

b. Lactic acid

The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint?

a. Saddle

b. Pivot

c. Ball and socket

d. Hinge

c. Ball and socket

The carpals articulate with the distal ends of which two bones?

a. Tarsals and metatarsals

b. Tibia and fibula

c. Radius and ulna

d. Metacarpals and phalanges

c. Radius and ulna

Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?

a. The ulna, radius, and carpals

b. The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles

c. The manubrium and xyphoid process

d. The malleus, incus, and stapes

b. The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?

a. Ulna

b. Femur

c. Tibia

d. Fibula

a. Ulna

A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?

a. Fibrous joint

b. Muscle

c. Ligament

d. Tendon

c. Ligament

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin?

a. Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

b. Regulates balance and thermoregulation

c. Engages in the process of phagocytosis

d. Detects increases in carbon dioxide and decreases in oxygen in the blood

a. Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?

a. Lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

b. Lets blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium

c. Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

d. Lets blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

c. Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

a. Left ventricle

b. Right ventricle

c. Right atrium

d. Left atrium

a. Left ventricle

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body?

a. Gall bladder

b. Large intestine

c. Stomach

d. Small intestine

d. Small intestine

How does serotonin affect the body?

a. It helps to regulate motivation, euphoria, and fine motor function.

b. It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

c. It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and promotes lactation.

d. It helps to regulate urine output and maintains osmolarity.

b. It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

a. The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

b. The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone.

c. Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen.

d. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

a. The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

a. Coronal

b. Sagittal

c. Transverse

d. Frontal

b. Sagittal

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?

a. The mediastinum

b. The urinary and reproductive organs

c. The small intestine

d. The adrenal glands

a. The mediastinum

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

a. Muscle tissue

b. Connective tissue

c. Nervous tissue

d. Epithelial tissue

b. Connective tissue

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer?

a. Stratum germinativum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

b. Stratum germinativum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

c. Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum

d. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

d. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

a. To secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to regulate body temperature.

b. To secrete earwax to protect the ear from bacteria and viruses.

c. To secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film to lubricate the eye.

d. To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

d. To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

a. The front of the lower extremities

b. The front of the upper extremities

c. The back of the lower extremities

d. The back of the upper extremities

a. The front of the lower extremities

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body?

a. Abductors

b. Adductors

c. Extensors

d. Flexors

a. Abductors

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms?

a. DNA

b. RNA

c. Nucleus

d. Ribosomes

a. DNA

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

a. Temporal lobe

b. Frontal lobe

c. Parietal lobe

a. Temporal lobe

a. Temporal lobe

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised?

a. Olfactory

b. Ulnar

c. Femoral

d. Tibial

b. Ulnar

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur?

a. Endometrium

b. Fallopian tube

c. Uterus

d. Corpus luteum

b. Fallopian tube

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system?

a. Bronchi

b. Pharynx

c. Trachea

d. Lungs

b. Pharynx

The elbow is what type of joint?

a. Pivot

b. Planar

c. Hinge

d. Ball-and-socket

c. Hinge

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?

a. Xiphoid process

b. Vastus lateralis

c. Fontanelle

d. Vomer

a. Xiphoid process

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________.

a. Neck

b. Arm

c. Ear

d. Leg

c. Ear

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

a. Calcium and sodium

b. Calcium and phosphorous

c. Calcium and carbon

d. Calcium and iron

b. Calcium and phosphorous

Which type of connection do ligaments create?

a. Muscle to bone

b. Muscle to organ

c. Muscle to muscle

d. Bone to bone

d. Bone to bone

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure?

a. Urethra

b. Ureter

c. Collecting ducts

d. Nephron

b. Ureter

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B.

a. Right atrium

b. Right ventricle

c. Left atrium

d. Left ventricle

c. Left atrium

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery?

a. Femoral

b. Carotid

c. Popliteal

d. Median cubital

b. Carotid

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands?

a. Thyroid

b. Hypothalamus

c. Lymph nodes

d. Thymus

d. Thymus

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart?

a. Superior vena cava

b. Pulmonary artery

c. Pulmonary vein

d. Inferior vena cava

c. Pulmonary vein

What is secreted by the adrenal glands?

a. Cortisol and aldosterone

b. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

c. Oxytocin only

d. Progesterone and estrogen

a. Cortisol and aldosterone

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures?

a. The external auditory canal

b. The cochlea

c. The organ of corti

d. The eustachian tube

a. The external auditory canal

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?

a. Evaporation

b. Condensation

c. Precipitation

d. Absorption

a. Evaporation

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum?

a. Back of the hand

b. In the ear canal

c. On the scalp

d. Heel of the foot

d. Heel of the foot

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract?

a. Calcium

b. Sodium

c. Lactate

d. Oxygen

a. Calcium

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve?

a. Distorted vision

b. Loss of sensation in the arm

c. Reduced sense of smell

d. Discomfort in the lumbar region

c. Reduced sense of smell

Which part of the eye allows us to see color?

a. Iris

b. Aqueous humor

c. Retina

d.Pupil

c. Retina

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum?

a. Manubrium

b. Tibia

c. Vomer

d. Maxilla

c. Vomer

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus?

a. The proximal articulating cartilage

b. The epiphysis that articulates with the scapula

c. The diaphysis of the humerus

d. The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

d. The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood?

a. Osteocytes

b. Osteoclasts

c. Osteoblasts

d. Osteoprogenitor

b. Osteoclasts

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

a. Stratum germinativum

b. Dermis

c. Stratum corneum

d. Keratin

a. Stratum germinativum

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning?

a. inguinal/neck

b. carpal/foot

c. cranial/skull

d. cervical/wrist

c. cranial/skull

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

a. Nucleus

b. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

c. Lysosomes

d. Golgi Apparatus

a. Nucleus

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

a. Lysosomes

b. Golgi Apparatus

c. Mitochondria

d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

a. Lysosomes

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

a. It is a reductive anabolic activity

b. It is a reductive catabolic activity

c. It is an oxidative anabolic activity

d. It is an oxidative catabolic activity

d. It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

a. Muscle tissue

b. Connective tissue

c. Epithelial tissue

d. Nerve tissue

c. Epithelial tissue

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

a. Organelle

b. Organ System

c. Organ

d. Tissue

b. Organ System

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?

a. Mitochondria/ Cell division

b. Lysosomes/ ATP production

c. Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

d. Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion

c. Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

a. ribosomes

b. lysosomes

c. mitochondria

d. Golgi

b. lysosomes

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

a. Digestive/ waste elimination

b. Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes

c. Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

d. Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

d. Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body?

a. Connective tissue

b. Nerve tissue

c. Muscle tissue

d. Epithelial tissue

a. Connective tissue

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?

a. Transverse

b. Coronal

c. Sagittal

d. Horizontal

c. Sagittal

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells?

a. Hematopoiesis

b. Erythropoiesis

c. Thrombopoiesis

d. Autopoiesis

b. Erythropoiesis

What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus?

a. Regulating heart rate and blood pressure

b. Regulating blood sugar levels

c. Regulating body temperature

d.Regulating calcium levels in the blood

c. Regulating body temperature

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

a. Lungs

b. Sternum

c. Mediastinum

d. Diaphragm

d. Diaphragm

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this?

a. Nervous

b. Adipose

c. Bone

d. Epithelial

c. Bone

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis?

a. Eccrine glands

b. None of these

c. Sebaceous glands

d. Ceruminous glands

a. Eccrine glands

In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor?

a. Throughout the lymphatic system

b. Between the lens and cornea in the eye

c. Within the mediastinum

d. In the cavities of synovial joints

b. Between the lens and cornea in the eye

Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct?

a. It is located on the dorsal side of the body.

b. It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

c. It is formed via intramembranous ossification.

d. It is one of the three bones that comprise the bones of the ear, called ossicles.

b. It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear?

a. Auricle

b. Modiolus

c. Eardrum

d. External Auditory Canal

a. Auricle

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.

a. testosterone

b. progesterone

c. oxytocin

d. luteinizing hormone

b. progesterone

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?

a. Collecting Duct - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

b. Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Renal Pelvis

c. Distal Convoluted Tubule - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

d. Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

d. Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?

a. Laryngopharynx

b. Hypopharynx

c. Nasopharynx

d. Oropharynx

c. Nasopharynx

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva?

a. Sublingual glands

b. Submandibular glands

c. Parotid glands

d. Lingual glands

b. Submandibular glands

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result?

a. Popliteal artery

b. Brachial artery

c. Iliac artery

d. Thoracic artery

a. Popliteal artery

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?

a. Brachial artery

b. Coronary artery

c. Vena cava

d. Aorta

c. Vena cava

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side?

a. Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

b. Veins carry oxygen-deficient blood.

c. Veins have thicker, less compliant vessel walls than arteries.

d. Veins have valves.

a. Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are:

a. neutrophils

b. thrombocytes

c. leukocytes

d. leukotrienes

b. thrombocytes

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood?

a. Plasma

b. White blood cells

c. Platelets

d. Red blood cells

a. Plasma

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones?

a. Endocrine system

b. Respiratory system

c. Circulatory system

d. Muscular system

a. Endocrine system

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?

a. Adenosine monophosphate

b. Adenohypophysis

c. Neurohypophysis

d. Infundibulum

b. Adenohypophysis

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood?

a. Amino acids

b. Vitamins

c. Fats

d. Minerals

a. Amino acids

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs.

a. Superior

b. Posterior

c. Anterior

d. Inferior

d. Inferior

Which glands release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?

a. Ceruminous glands

b. Sebaceous glands

c. Eccrine glands

d. Apocrine glands

b. Sebaceous glands

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

a. Stratum germinativum

b. Dermis

c. Stratum corneum

d. Stratum lucidum

c. Stratum corneum

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?

a. Connective

b. Epithelial

c. Muscle

d. Nervous

a. Connective

Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs?

a. Semicircular canals

b. Cochlea

c. Utricle

d. Saccule

b. Cochlea