Physio Exercise 1

cell transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane, either into or out of the cell.

semipermeable membrane

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.

diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration.

facilitated transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane with the help of protein channels, without using energy.

isotonic solution

A solution where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to enter the cell.

hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell, causes water to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

The outer boundary of the cell that regulates the passage of substances in and out.

red blood cell membrane in osmosis

It allows water to move freely while restricting salts, demonstrating how water shifts in different solutions.

crenation

Shrinkage of red blood cells due to water loss in a hypertonic solution.

hemolysis

The bursting of red blood cells due to water intake in a hypotonic solution.

osmotic equilibrium

A condition where the water concentration is balanced between the cell and its surrounding environment.

selectively permeable

It means the membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Filtration

passive transport process involves the movement of fluid and small solutes through a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure

Active transport

the transport mechanism that moves substances against their concentration gradient using ATP energy

Bulk transport

A form of active transport where large molecules or particles are moved across the cell membrane using vesicles and energy (ATP).