MedTerms - Chapter 6 - Urinary System

renal pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects urine and passes it to the ureter

hilum

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney

ureters

2 slender tubes, approx 10 to 13 inches longs that receive urine from kidney and carry it to posterior portion of the bladder

urinary meatus

opening through which the urine passes to the outside

cyst/o

urinary bladder, sac

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus (opening)

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder, sac

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

blast/o

developing/germ cell

glycos/o

sugar

hem/o

blood

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone, calculus

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty, few

son/o

sound

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

urin/o

urine, urinary tract

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

poly-

many, much

trans-

through, across, beyond

-al

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emia

in the blood

-gram

record/image

-graphy

process of recording/imaging

-ia

diseased or abnormal state/condition

-iasis

condition

-lith

stone, calculus

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separating

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor, swelling

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-stenosis

constriction or narrowing

-stomy

creation of an artificial opening

-tomy

cut/incision

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urine, urination

cystitis

inflamm of the bladder

cystocele

protrusion of bladder

cystolith

stones in the bladder

glomerulonephritis

inflamm of the glomeruli of the kidney

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of water in the kidney (swelling of the kidney due to a build up of urine; usually from a blockage in the ureter)

nephritis

inflamm of a kidney

nephroblastoma

kidney tumor containing developing (germ) cells (malignant tumor) (also called Wilms tumor)

nephrolithiasis

condition of stones in the kidney

nephroma

tumor of the kidney

neprhomegaly

enlargement of the kidney

neprhoptosis

drooping kidney, aka floating kidney

pyelitis

inflamm of renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflamm of renal pelvis and kidney

uremia

urine/urea nitrogen in the blood (aka uremic syndrome)

ureteritis

inflamm of ureter

ureterocele

protrusion of ureter

ureterolithiasis

condition of stones in the ureter

urethritis

inflamm of urethra

ureterostenosis

narrowing of ureter

urethrocytitis

inflamm of urethra and bladder

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (condition in which urine flows backward towards the kidneys. May occur in up to 10% of children, and in some adults)

acute kidney injury (AKI)

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible (also called acute renal failure [ARF])

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function (also called chronic renal failure [CRF])

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary for survival.

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

hypospadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis. Females may also have a form of hypospadias where the urinary meatus is unusually located

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

renal calculus

stone in the kidney

renal hypertension

elevated BP caused by kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of inability to urinate

urinary suppression

sudden stoppage of urine formation

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

cystectomy

excision of bladder

cystolithotomy

incision into bladder to remove stones

cytostomy

creation of artificial opening into bladder for drainage (aka vesicostomy)

lithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones using shock waves

meatotomy

incision into meatus to enlarge it

nephrectomy

exicision of kidney

nephrolithotomy

incision into kidney to remove stones

nephrolithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones in kidney using shock waves

nephrolysis

separating the kidney from other body structures

nephropexy

surgical fixation of kidney

nephrostomy

creation of artificial opening into kidney

pyelolithotomy

incision into renal pelvis to remove stones

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

ureterectomy

excision of ureter

ureterostomy

creation of an artificial opening into ureter for drainage of urine

urethroplasty

surgical repair of the urethra

urostomy

creation of artificial opening into the urinary system