Ch 14 Diagnostic & Complementary terms

dual x-ray absorptiometry (OXA)

radiographic imaging, usually of the lumbar spine and hips, to measure bone loss and bone mineral density; the procedure utilizes low doses of radiation and is used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and monitoring of treatment

bone markers

blood and urine tests to determine the rate of bone turnover (resorption and formation); often used with DXA to diagnose and monitor treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders

muscle biopsy

removal of muscle tissue using a needle or small incision; used to assess musculoskeletal abnormalities involving weakness or pain such as muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis

crepitus

crackling sensation heard or felt when two bones rub against each other or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint

prosthesis

artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a limb, joint, or eye

chiropractic

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

chiropractor

specialist in manipulation of the vertebral column

orthopedics

branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

orthopedist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

orthotics

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances used to support, align, prevent, or treat musculoskeletal deformities; examples of appliances include braces, splints, and arch supports

orthotist

specialist in making and fitting appliances used to support, align, prevent or treat musculoskeletal deformities

osteopath

physician who specializes in a system of medicine placing emphasis on the relation between organs and the musculoskeletal system (osteopathy)

osteopathy

system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulation may be used in addition to other treatments

podiatrist

specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment

rheumatologist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by inflammation and degeneration of structures (rheumatic diseases)

rheumatology

study and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by inflammation and degeneration of structures (rheumatic diseases)

abduction

moving away from the midline

adduction

moving toward the midline

inversion

turning inward

eversion

turning outward

extension

movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position, increasing the angle between the bone and the joint

pronation

movement that turns the palm down

supination

movement that turns the palm up

rotation

turning around its own axis

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

OA

osteoarthritis

fx

fracture

PM

polymyositis

HNP

herniated nucleus pulposus

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

MD

muscular dystrophy

RSI

repetitive strain injury

MG

myasthenia gravis

DEXA

DXA

EMG

THA

TKA

DC

DO

Ortho

C1-C7

L1-L5

Ti-T12