PERDEV EXAM BOOM

Self

The subjective sense of identity and individuality that includes both a personal sense ("me") and an objective sense ("I").

Self-Concept

A person's self-identification and answers to the question, "Who am I?" It comprises self-schemas (guides for processing self-relevant information) and possible selves (aspirations).

Individualism

Prioritizing personal goals over group goals and defining identity based on personal attributes.

Collectivism

Prioritizing group goals (e.g., extended family or work group) and defining identity accordingly.

Self-Esteem

A person's overall self-evaluation and sense of self-worth.

Perceived Self-Control

a. Self-Efficacy

Belief in one's own competencies.

b. Locus of Control

Perception of outcomes as internally controllable or externally controlled.

Real Self vs. Ideal Self

a. Real Self

The aspect of oneself visible to others.

b. Ideal Self

The desired self-image a person aims to achieve.

II. Personality Traits Terminology

Personality

A comprehensive term encompassing traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings.

Personality Traits

Dispositions that lead to consistent behavioral patterns.

Five Factor Model (FFM)

A model by Costa and McCrae (1992) identifying five bipolar personality dimensions

a. Openness to Experience

Differentiating between those who prefer variety and those who prefer familiarity.

b. Conscientiousness

Distinguishing between organized, achievement-focused individuals and careless, impulsive individuals.

c. Extraversion

Separating outgoing, talkative individuals from quiet, reserved ones.

d. Agreeableness

Differentiating soft-hearted, trusting individuals from ruthless, critical ones.

e. Neuroticism

Separating anxious individuals from calm and even-tempered ones.

III. Johari's Window Terminology

Johari's Window Model

Developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, a tool for assessing self-awareness and understanding how others perceive us.

Johari's Window Quadrants

a. Open Area (Quadrant 1)

Known to oneself and others; includes behavior, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and public history.

b. Blind Area (Quadrant 2)

Unknown to oneself but known to others.

c. Hidden Area (Quadrant 3)

Known to oneself but not to others.

d. Unknown (Quadrant 4)

Unknown to both oneself and others.

Ways to Improve Self-Knowledge

a. Introspection or Self-Analysis

Self-reflection through self-questioning.

b. Keeping a Self-Reflective Journal

Recording positive and negative self-reflections.

c. Self-Awareness

Tuning into one's feelings, thoughts, and actions to understand their impact.

d. Self-Affirmation

Creating mantras that focus on inner strength and self-love.

e. Acceptance of Strengths and Limitations

Acknowledging and embracing one's strengths and weaknesses.

Gestalt

Introduced by German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler in 1890, it refers to the concept of perceiving something as a unified whole rather than a collection of individual parts.

Holism

Coined by General Jan C. Smuts in the early twentieth century, it denotes the tendency in nature to create wholes that are greater than the sum of their parts through creative evolution. Personality is considered the highest form of holism.

Personality Holism

The idea that a person's personality should be understood as a unified whole rather than a mere collection of separate traits and characteristics.

II. Aspects of Development Terminology

Cognitive Development

The maturation of one's thinking abilities, including perception, knowledge, problem-solving, judgment, language, and memory.

Intelligence Theories

a. Charles Spearman's General Intelligence

The concept that intelligence comprises a single, measurable factor that affects an individual's problem-solving abilities and cognitive performance.

b. Raymond Cattell's Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence

_ relates to acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it, while .. pertains to abstract thinking and problem-solving efficiency.

c. Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Intelligence is divided into analytical (academic problem-solving), creative (imaginative problem-solving), and practical (common-sense decision-making) intelligence.

Social Development

The aspect of development that involves social relationships, interactions, and societal divisions based on demographics, roles, and perspectives.

Physiological Development

The development of physical attributes, including the body and senses, driven by changes in biological processes, genes, and hormonal shifts.

Spiritual Development

The development of a person's consciousness, beliefs, values, and virtues, leading to a deeper understanding of life's meaning and connection to the universe. It encompasses morality, values, and virtues.

Morality

The set of principles that help individuals distinguish between right and wrong.

Values

The worth assigned to important aspects of life, exemplified in moral reasoning and actions.

Filipino Values

Basic values held by Filipinos, such as loyalty, sincerity, kindness, compassion, courage, perseverance, cheerfulness, optimism, respect, volunteerism, and integrity.

Personal Values

Individual values that guide and maximize one's personal development.

Psychological Development

The interaction of thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a person, including self-concept, attitudes, and emotions. It encompasses self-identity and personal growth. Emotions and feelings are distinguished as emotional responses and subsequent interpretations.

Self-Concept

What an individual knows and believes about themselves, including their schemas about attributes, roles, goals, interests, values, and beliefs.

Attitude

Favorable or unfavorable reactions (thoughts, feelings, emotions) toward people, objects, or concepts.

Emotion

A strong feeling resulting in physical responses, which are subsequently interpreted as feelings.

Feeling

Interpretations of emotions generated by the brain, derived from physical sensations associated with emotions.

Socioemotional Processes

Changes in relationships with others, emotions, and personality as part of psychological development.

Growth

The quantitative process of increasing in size and physical dimensions, readily measurable and observable.

Development

The broader process encompassing changes occurring from conception to adulthood, including both growth and decline, which may be positive or negative in nature.

Maturity

The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical or behavioral changes over time.

Heredity

Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from biological parents, shaping an individual's genetic makeup.

II. Principles of Development Terminology

Cephalocaudal Principle

The principle that development progresses from the head downward, indicating that growth and maturation begin in the upper part of the body and extend to the lower parts.

Proximodistal Principle

The principle that development advances from the center of the body outward, emphasizing the importance of core body functions before extremities.

Maturation and Learning

The combined influences of biological maturation and environmental learning on development.