chapter 2 test study guide

Was hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?

polytheistic in practice but monotheistic in philosophy

who are the top diety’s in hinduism and what do they do?

Brahma- creator

Vishnu - preserver

shiva- destroyer

what are the nine hindu beliefs?

supreme being is all powerful

4 vedas

earth undergoes endless life cycles

karma

reincarnation

divine beings in unseen worlds

master/ satguru is all powerful

life is sacred

no religion teaches one way to salvation

label the caste system and what they do

Bhramin (priests/academics)

Kshairyia (kings/warriors)

vaishya (merchants)

sudara(peasants)

untouchables (outcaste)

name some gender roles in indian civilizations?

woman inferior to men

children protection comes from father

strict

the ultimate goal in hinduism is?

Nirvana

Buddhism is the _____ religion

4th largest

the founder of Buddhism is?

Siddhartha Gautama

who is Siddhartha Gautama?

was in warrior class

became ascetic

not a God

what are the 4 noble truths?

life is suffering

origin of suffering is desire

freedom through enlightenment

Eightfold path = enlightenment

list the eightfold path rights?

understanding

intent

speech

action

livelihood

effect

mindfulness

concentration

describe the India Governance-

more social and spiritual than political

weak political organization

divided by ethnicity and dialects

describe the Ghaznavid dynasty?

founded by Mahmud

Modern day Afghanistan (tribute to abbasid)

conquered Punjab region

lack of religious converts

Describe the Delhi Sultanate-

muhmads ’s descendants

ruled by turk and afghans

autocratic

jizya tax

what is the jizya tax?

tax on non- muslims

describe the “Middle Kingdom”

mandate of heaven

“most civilized”

leaving china ban

soft/ cooked = people who assimilated

describe the chinese tribute system-

foreign nation pay tribute

korea, indochina, mongolia, manchuria

sent delagates to empire

describe confucius (551- 479)

taught humanities

made chief magistrate of Chung-tu & Minster of crime

followers made the Analects

describe the social system of chinese civilizations

government officials

farmers

craftsmen

merchants

list the three obediences for woman

obey father

obey husband

obey adult son

list the five basic relationships

emperor & subject

Husband & wife

father & child

Older sibling & younger sibling

older friend & younger friend

why were men seen as wise in chinese civilizations?

they showed less emotions than woman

Taoism was founded by?

Lao-Tze

describe Taoism

live a minimalist lifestyle

follow path of nature (resistance)

Describe legalism

follow the law

society reform comes from punishment and rewards

humans are bad

describe the Sui Dynasty

harch forsced labor from legalism

name the projects under the Sui dynasty?

repaired great wall

grand canal

imperial lodge

list the accomplishments under the Sui dynasty?

economic foundation for political & cultural unity

occupies part of Tokin

champa rice

what was confucianism like under the Sui dynasty?

civil service tests update

practice of equal field system

limited education

describe the sui dynasty and korea wars

used conscripted laborers

invasion in 612 A.d(failed

failed all the others aswell

describe the peasant revolt in the sui dynasty?

anti wars

emperor assassinated

lost mandate of heaven

tang takes over

describe the prosperity of the tang dynasty?

low price rice

ended banditry

urbanization

civil service exams (aristocracy)

middle class

what is GDP?

measure of goods and services in 1 year

what does GDP measure?

how well an economy is

describe why the tang dynasty fell according to the textbook-

weak rulers

Uyghurs

China breaks into states ruled by Warlords

what are uyghurs?

turkish nomads that put down rebellions

describe how the tang dynasty fell according to Mr. Bennett-

ruler fell in love with a girl that was rude

legal officer also liked this girl and started war

ruler didn’t do duties because of girl

Tang falls apart

what did Xuanzang do?

travelled to India and studied Buddhism

when did Xuanzang return from India?

646 a.d

list three ways buddhism was important in china

related to taoism

no religion before

gave them another life

who was know as the original Buddha?

Lao-tzu

confucianism as a state is described as-

cult

temples built

teacher becomes part of the services

describe how confucian scholars felt about Buddhism

became jealous of buddhist temples

did not follow there rules/laws

built their own temples to try to convice people to not convert

describe the song dynasty-

regained control through military force

forced generals to retire

put Bureaucrats in charge of military

what are the 7 reforms of Wang An- Shih?

built public schools

revise of civil service exam

reduced taxes

redistribution of land

fixed prices

low interest loans

buyed farm surpluses

the weakening of the Song dynasty included-

loss of territory (capitol)

peasant revolts

increase in taxes

describe neo confucianism

founder is Chu Hsi

orthodoxy

had exam

decsibe japans geographical state

isolated

poor reasources

describe japans government

ethnocratic

feudal

shinto

what influences did Japan get form china?

writing and buddhism

list the 5 Taika reforms

imperial system

allow immigrants

areas divided into provinces

equal field system

civil service exams

list the failure of the reforms

aristocratic remained strong

land distribution failed

japan adopts feudalism and manor economy

what is the social set up of japan?

emperor

shogun

daimyo

samurai

ronin

peasants

artisans

merchants

in the social set up of Japan peasants could?

own land

ritual suicide was for

loyalty and protection

what type of suicide did the warriors preform?Explain

harakiri in which they split their bellies open

describe zen buddhism

popular among samurai

enlightened during realization

sanction of bushido

describe the military dictatorship in the rise of the shogun. Explain government 1

imperial court staff

capitol

figurehead

describe the military dictatorship in the rise of the shogun. Explain government 2

shogun family

all powerful

capitol is Edo

describe the indian ocean trade

economically linked

persians and arabs dominated sea fares

calicut was

an important trade center

monsoon winds during the winter are

northeast

monsoons during the spring or summer are

southwest

describe the cultural spread of merchants

merchant stuck at port

falls in love with local girl

spreads islam

list all the maritime technologys

lateen sails

stern rudder

dhow boats

galleys

describe the malacca sultanate economically

connected india and south china se

cargo wasn’t safe so they built the navy

describe the imposed fees in the Malacca sultanate

passing strait to melaka

ends with portuguese invasion 1511

list the swahili city states

kilwa, mambosa, mogadishu

what were the swahili city states called?

cultural heart

describe the swahili states

arab society ans india influenced

spoke swahili

describe the trans saharan trade route-

arabs and berbers dominated

caravans

sold gold and ivory

describe the african slave trade

20 million people

largest force migration in the world

no chattel slavery

raid on non-muslims

describe caravanserais

refuge for men and camels

located all over africa

describe the Mali empire

1226 - 1670

founded by Sundiata

connections = wealth

Timbuktu and Gao( learning centers)

who was mansa musa and what did he do?

grandnephew of Sundiata

pilgrimage in 1324

spent money in kito

descibe the kingdom of Zimbabwe

traded with swahili states

gold fields and gold tax

capitol = great zimbabwe

abandoned due to overgrazing

Bantu is

dwelling in zimbabwe

what did people in the zimbabwe kingdom build?

30 ft wall