Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

elicits response from organism prior to conditioning

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

unlearned response to unconditioned stimulus

orienting reflex

unlearned response in which an organism attends to a stimulus

conditioned stimulus (cs)

previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response

conditioned stimulus (cs)

paired repeatedly with a stimulus that already elicited that response

conditioned response (cr)

learned response to a conditioned stimulus

John B. Watson & Rosalie Rayner (1920)

LITTLE Albert Experiment

Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Higher-order conditioning

Features < (5)

Counterconditioning, flooding, systematic desensitization

Fear-reducing techniques (3)

flooding

Fear-Reducing Techniques:
fear-evoking stimuli presented continuously with the absense of actual harm so that fear responses are extinguished

systematic desensitization

Fear-Reducing Techniques:
hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli is presented while the person remains relaxed

counterconditioning

Fear-Reducing Techniques:
pleasant stimuli associated w/ fear-evoking stimuli so it loses its aversive qualities

generalization

Features:
conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli similar to CS

Discrimination

Features:
organism to learn not to respond to similar stimuli in identical manner bc of past experiences

extinction

Features:
stimuli lose ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur

spontaneous recovery

Features:
recurrence of an extinguished response as function of passage of time

higher-order conditioning

Features:
prev neutral stimulus comes to elicit response brought by CS by being paired with said CS

classical conditioning

neutral environmental condition comes to evoke the response usually evoked by another environmental condition by being paired repeatedly with the other environmental condition

conditional reflexes

conditioned response AKA (term back then)

extinction

Features:
no more CR because the CS is no longer associated with UCS

extinction

Features:
no longer allows the organism to make predictions

Discrimination

Features:
tendency for an organism to distinguish between a CS and similar stimuli that do not forecast a UCS

taste aversion

adaptive because they motivate organisms to avoid harmful foods

counterconditioning

Fear-Reducing Techniques:
organisms learn to respond to a stimulus in a way that is incompatible with a response that was conditioned earlier

flooding

Fear-Reducing Techniques:
usually effective, but unpleasant