Ch 26 The Urinary System

The renal corpuscle consists of the what and what.

glomerulus

glomerular (Bowman’s capsule)

Discharge of urine from the urinary bladder is called what.

micturition

T/F

The most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal medulla.

F

T/F

When dilute urine is being formed, the osmolarity of the fluid in the tubular lumen increases as it flows down the descending limb of the loop of Henle, decreases as it flows up the ascending limb, and continues to decrease as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct.

T

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the pressures that determine net filtration rate

(2) Angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide help regulate GFR

(3) Mechanisms that regulate GFR work by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus and by altering the glomerular capillary surface area available for filtration

(4) GFR increases when blood flow into glomerular capillaries decreases

(5) Normally, GFR increases very little when systemic blood pressure rises

(a) 1, 2, and 3

(b) 2, 3, and 4

(c ) 3, 4, and 5

(d) 1, 2, 3, and 5

(e) 2, 3, 4, and 5

d

Which of the following hormones affect Na^+, Cl^-, Ca²+, and/or water reabsorption and/or K^+ secretion by the renal tubules?

(1) angiotensin II

(2) aldosterone

(3) ADH

(4) atrial natriuretic peptide

(5) thyroid hormone

(6) parathyroid hormone

(a) 1, 3, and 5

(b) 2, 3, and 6

(c ) 2, 4, and 5

(d) 1, 2, 4, and 5

(e) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6

e

Which of the following are features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its filtering capacity?

(1) large glomerular capillary surface area

(2) thick, selectively permeable filtration membrane

(3) high capsular hydrostatic pressure

(4) high glomerular capillary pressure

(5) mesangial cells regulating the filtering surface area

(a) 1, 2, and 3

(b) 2, 4, and 5

(c ) 1, 4, and 5

(d) 2, 3, and 4

(e) 2, 3, and 5

c

Given the following values, calculate the net filtration pressure:

(1) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure = 40 mmHg

(2) capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

(3) blood colloid osmotic pressure = 30 mmHg

(a) -20 mmHg

(b) 0 mmHg

(c ) 20 mmHg

(d) 60 mmHg

(e) 80 mmHg

b

The micturition reflex

(1) is initiated by stretch receptors in the ureters

(2) relies on parasympathetic impulses from the micturition center in S2 and S3

(3) results in contraction of the detrusor muscle

(4) results in contraction of the internal urethral sphincter muscle

(5) inhibits motor neurons in the external urethral sphincter

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

(b) 1, 3, and 4

(c ) 2, 3, 4, and 5

(d) 2 and 5

(e) 2, 3, and 5

e

Which of the following are mechanisms that control GFR?

(1) renal autoregulation

(2) neural regulation

(3) hormonal regulation

(4) chemical regulation of ions

(5) presence or absence of a transporter

(a) 1, 2, and 3

(b) 2, 3, and 4

(c ) 3, 4, and 5

(d) 1, 3, and 5

(e) 1, 3, and 4

a