Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the tissue level of organization, focusing on the different types of tissues, their functions, characteristics, and classifications.

What are the four major types of tissues in the body?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, and forms glands.

What are the key roles of connective tissue?

Fills internal spaces, supports other tissues, transports materials, and stores energy.

What are the three main categories of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.

What distinguishes muscle tissue?

It is specialized for contraction.

How does nervous tissue function in the body?

Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

What is histology?

The study of tissues.

What is the structural and functional difference in epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue has polarity with apical and basal surfaces.

Name a function of epithelial tissue related to sensation.

Epithelia have a large sensory nerve supply that provides information about the external and internal environment.

What are the characteristics of epithelial cells?

Polarity, cellularity, attachment, avascularity, and regeneration.

What are gap junctions?

Cell junctions that allow rapid communication between cells.

What role do desmosomes play in epithelial tissue?

They tie cells together and allow bending and twisting.

What type of epithelium is specialized for absorption and is found in the kidneys?

Simple cuboidal epithelium.

What type of epithelium can tolerate stretching and is found in the urinary bladder?

Transitional epithelium.

How are stratified epithelia classified?

Based on the number of layers of cells, they can be simple (one layer) or stratified (multiple layers).

What is the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

To increase absorption or secretion.

What is the difference between simple and stratified squamous epithelium?

Simple squamous epithelium has a single layer of cells while stratified squamous epithelium has multiple layers, providing greater protection.

How does aging affect tissues in the body?

Aging can lead to decreased cellular function and regeneration, affecting tissue integrity and homeostasis.

What is the role of stem cells in epithelial tissue?

Stem cells replace epithelial cells through continued division.