Soc of Sex and Gender FInal

social constructionism

social proble,s are defined by what is considered unfavorable by the people in the time and place one is in

critical race theory (CRT)

framework and movement that deconstructs association of race and power

crime

action that violates law or agreed upon social norm

drug

a substance that altesr the function of the mind and/or body

criminal justice system

societal process used to address actions deemed criminal, involves police, courts, and harm

differential justice

unequal treatment of people in criminal justice system, necessary for control

prison industrial complex

convergence of government and private corp to profit off of imprisoning people to resolve economic, social, and political issues

what is the effect of prison industrial complex

mass incarceration

Terry v Ohio

1968: US Supreme Court said it was constitutional to stop and frisk a citizen based on reasonable suspicion (deemed unconstittutional in 2013)

when was the drug enforcement aministration created

1973

Laws enacted 1980s-1990s against war on drugs

• anti drug abuse act 1986

• stop and frisk

• mandatory sentencing

• three strikes

timeline of war on drugs

1968: Terry v Ohio

1971: Nixon state war on drug is public enemy #1

1972: incarceration decline since 1962

1973: drug enforcement admin created

1981: Reagan expand war on drug and favor punishment

Early 80s: increased media coverage

1986: Operation pipeline

1980s-1990s: Laws enacted

operation pipeline

educate police officers and how to stop and identify suspects of drug dealing on road

anti drug abuse act 1986

U.S. federal law aimed at combating drug use and trafficking through stricter enforcement measures, including mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, the creation of drug-free zones, increased law enforcement funding, and expanded asset forfeiture laws. It is known for its emphasis on punitive measures, particularly the sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine, and its significant role in shaping the War on Drugs.

stop and frisk

based on terry v ohio, anyone can stop and search you on basis of reasonable suspicion

mandatory sentencing

fixed sentences for crime no matter individual circumstances = limit judicial branch power

three strikes law

impose harsher penalties, including life sentences, for repeat offenders after a certain number of convictions

characteristics of education in the US

• education as a conserving force

• mass education

• preoccupation with order and control

• fragmented education system

• local control of education

• sitting and sorting function of schools

education as a conserving force

• schools indoctrinate students through patriotism (pledge of allegiance) and maintaining US heritage and heroes (geore washington and founding fathers)

• support status quo

example of US conserving US societal norms through education

carlisle indian industrial school in 1900 forced indians to learn american customs and english language

mass education

faith in education for public good

compulsory education: increase numbers with higher education

pre-occupation with order and control

constraints on individual freedom

• time

• discipline

• dress code

• athletics

• banned books

how does US education compare to carceral sytsem?

fragmented education system

different types of school with different funding, like charter, private, public, voucher

local control of education

• finance schools through local taxes

• unequal rep of school boards

• religious views implemented

Pros and Cons of common core

Pro: enforce higher standard

Con: limit flexibility of teacher and parental rights to shape eudcation

what does crt say about schools

schools are endemically racist

breakdown of public school funding

10% fed gov

45% state gov

45% local tax

no child left behind act

standards of education left to states to decide

vicarious citizenship

the exercise of rights and claims–making by nonresidential stakeholders who personally identify politically, economically, or socio–culturally with a local community