Exam #3 Energy

Laws of Thermodynamics #1

Conservation of Energy – energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed/converted

Laws of Thermodynamics #2

Conversion and Entropy – no energy conversion is 100% efficient; energy will always be lost; in a closed system, entropy (degree of disorder, randomness) increases

High order energy

can be converted to do work

low order energy

can't be converted to do work

chemical energy is stored in and released from chemical bonds by

undergoing reactions

endergonic

reactions absorb outside energy

endergonic example

reduction (gain electrons), photosynthesis, phosphorylation

exergonic

reaction release stored energy

exergonic examples

oxidation (lose electrons), cellular respiration, dephosphorylation

Adenosine phosphate compounds: AMP

adenosine monophosphate

Adenosine Phosphate Compounds: ADP

adenosine diphosphate

adenosine phosphate compunds :ATP

adenosine triphosphate

adenosine phosphate compounds are created by

phosphorylation

phosphorylation

use energy to attach phosphate groups; energy provided by coupling reactions together, exergonic used by endergonic

photosynthesis (endergonic) formula

CO2 + H20> C6H12O6+O2

Respiration (exergonic) formula

C6H12O6+O2>CO2 + H20