social 30 key terms

Ideology

a set of princibles or ideas that explains your world and your place in it

Worldview

a collection of beleifs about life and the universe held by an infividual or group

adherance to collective norms

faithful observance of the norms or standards imposed on members of a group as a condition of memborship in the group

collective interest

the set of interests that members of a group haev in common

collective responsibilty

holding a whole group responsible for the actions of individuals within the group

collectivism

a way of thinking that values the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of any one individual

Common good

somethng that benefits the helath, saftey, and wellbeing of society as a whole

Competition

competing/contending with others, incentive to work harder and with more efficency

Co-operation

working together to the same end goal, emphasized by collecivist ideologies

Economic Equality

a principle common to collectivist ideologies, government may foster through tax policies, ensuring equal work for equal pay

Economic Freedom

the freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, idea, or product to whoever you wish

Individualism

valueing the freedom and worth of an individual, sometimes over the seccurity and harmony of the group

Individual Rights and Freedoms

key principle of individualism and liberal democracies; freedom of religon, freedom of association and the right to lofe, liberty, and the security of the person

Liberalism

collection of ideologies aimed to uphold hte dignity and freedom of an individual as the foundation for society

Private Property

central principle of liberalism, something owned by an individual

Public Property

anything not privately owned by individuals, often owned by state or community

Rule of Law

principle in liberal democrocies, every individual is equal before the law and all citizens are subject to the law

Self-Interest

ones personal interest or advantage

Class system

the division of a society into different classes of people, usually based on income or wealth

Enlightenment

an intellectual movement in the 17/1800s, classical liberalism spread through europe and changed people beleifs on religion, reason, nature, and human beings

Free Market

a market that runs with little to no governmnet intervention

Indistrialization

stage og economic development when the application of technology results in mass production and mass consumption

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

no interferance/intervention supports free markets, and an individuals right to own private property. Leave it alone

Limited Government

little government involvement in the economy results in more efficient slef regulating markets

Traditional Economy

pre industrialization economic system, needs are met through agriculture, hunting, fishing,

John Locke

beleived individuals had the right and reason to make their own decisions, gov should be directly responsible to the people, private property

John Stuart Mill

everyone should be able to act however they please until it harms someone else

Montenesquieu

seperation of powers

Adam Smith

self interest, beleived that if everyone worked in their own self interst in a free market economy it would benefit most people in society and grow the economy, ideas were very radical at the time in the mercantalist economy

Classical Conservatism

values hierarchy, leaders should be humanitarian, stability, government should be chosen by a limited group of people who can vote

Command Economy

economic system where government has control over what goods are produced and sold, what price, and where are how many of them to sell

Communism

a system of governance where equality is opposed on the people

Feminism

beleif in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes,

Human Rights

the rights to freedoms which all humans are entitled,

Labour standards

government enforced rules and standards aimed at safe, clean working envirinments, and the protection of workers rights

Labour unions

associations of workers engaged in similair function who unite to skeaj with management about their concearns. purpose is to provide a united voice that speaks for the rights of it’s members

Marxism

abolition of private property, and the idea of inheritance, heavy income tax, confiscation of all property of emmigrants and rebels,

Mixed economy

economic system based on free market principles, but with some government intervention, usually to regulate industry

Progressivism

Socialism

Universla Suffrage

the right of all members of society, once they reach the age of accountability, to fully participate politically. Beginning with the right to vote

Welfare Capitalism

government programs that provide socual safety nets for workers

Censorship

the act of restricting freedom of expression or freedom of access to ideas or works

Collectivizatin

a way of thinking that values the goals of the group and the common good over any goals one individual

Dissent

speaking out agaisnt leadership, the act to disagree, ex, dictatorships having limits on dissent

Fascism

extreme right wng, anti democratic nationalist movement. Hitler, stalin,

Reactionary

opposes change, wants to make a return to the past, and to traditional ideas and priniples

Totalitarianism

government system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens

Consumerism

the idea that spending and consuming beyond essentials will show status

Income Disparity

difference in earnings between the rich and the poor

Inflation

increase in the general price levels of products, labour, and interest rates

Monopoly

the exclusive ownership or control of trade in a particular good or service

Social Programs

programs intented to benefit citizens in areas of education, health, and income support

Trickle Down Economics

government policies that favour industry, assuming that if industry prospers, then every one will too so long as wealth trickles down

Welfare state

a capitalist economy but government uses policies to modify the market forces in order to ensure stability, and a basic standard of living

Brinkmanship

pushing ones demands to the point of threatening military action

Cold War

the political, economic and social struggle between the soviet union and its allies and the US and their allies

Containment

the us trying to contain the spread of communisim

Detente

trying to cool off from conflict

Deterrance

cold war policy of both sides aiming to deter the startegic advances of the other through arms development and arms build up

Expansionism

foreign policy of acquiring additional territory through violition of another countries sovereighnty for reasons of defernce, resources, etc

Liberation Movements

military and political struggles of people for independance form countries that have colonized or oppressed them

McCarthyism

an anti communist movement in the US, intended to uncover and persecute those with tues to communisim with positons of power in the US

Nonalighnment

countries in the cold war that did not align themselves with either side

Proxy Wars

conflicts where one superpower orivudes support to a group or state that opposes the rival superpower

Civil Rights movemetents

movements that work to extend rights to marganalized members of society

Environmentalism

political anmd ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effcts of human activity on the environment

Neo Conservatism

an ideology that favors a return to particular values of classical liberalism, often rests on a religious foundation that values family and traditional values, challenges both classical and modern liberal principles

Assimilation

the process of trying to rid people of what makes them differnet, language, culture,

Humanitarianism

trying to improve the lives of others through social reform, aid, etc

Indian Act

acto f parliment that deals with the governance of reserves and rights and benefits of status individuals

Authoritarianism

form of government where authority rets with an elite group that may or may not act in the best interest of the people

Consensus

a form of decsion making where each person involved must come to an agreement

Direct Democracy

form of government where the people participate in deciding issues directly

Military Dictatorship

a form of government where political power rests with the military leadership

Oligarchy

form of government where all political power resides in one small elite group of society

One-Party State

a form of government where only one party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election

Party Solidarity

a requirement that all party members vote with their party, except in rare instances when the party leader permits them to vote out of the party

Proportional Representation

system of government where representatives are assighned based on the amount of popular support obtained

Representatice Democracy

form of government in which a small group of politicans is elected by a larger group of citizens

Responsible Government

American Bill of Rights

the first 10 ammendments in the US constitution based mostly on john lockes ideas of natural rights

Anti-terrorism Act

a set of laws passed after 9/11 that allows the governemnt special powers such as serveillance, and detention

Canadian CHarter of RIghts and Freedoms

a document that lists and describes the fundamenta rights and freedoms gauranteed to all canadians

Emergency and security Legislation

a set if laws that permits the canadian government to invoke special measures to deal with emergencies, replaced the war measures act in 1988

Illiberal

ideologies opposed to the the values, beleifs, and princibles of liberalism, only democratic countreis because they have actually embraced liberalism

Language Legislation

the laws regarding the official language of a state

Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms

a statutory bill of rights and human rights code that was passed by the national assembly of quebec in 1975

Respect for Law and Order

one of the responsibilites of citizens in a liberal democratic society, where people enjoy a high degree of individual rights and freedoms

Terrorism

the policy of various ideological groups to disrupt the affairs of an enemy state or culture by the use of violent acts against non combatants, in order to create debilitating terror and confusion

Environmental Change

the changes in the natural world around us

Extremism

a terjm that desribes the beleifs and actions of those peeceived to be outside the collective norms of political or social behaviour

Pandemics

outbreaks of disease on a global level

Postmodernism

a movement of thought, art, and critisism that raises questions

Citizen Advocacy

Citizenship

Individual Rights, roles, and respnsibilites

Political Participation

Anti-War Movements

Civility