CNIT 242 Chapter 16 Software Licensing

_____ = highest TCO of a system

Software licensing

There are two ways software licensing can be categorized. Name them

Proprietary and Free or Open Source

T/F All software is licensed

License usually comes with off-the-shelf software

OEM license included with software bundled with hardware

True

Licensing is usually confirmed through the use of a _____

License Agreement

Stipulates how that particular copy of software can be used

Usually limits the copyright owner's liability, prohibits reverse engineering, prohibits redistribution, etc.

EULAs are included

Enforceability depends on several factors

License agreement

A license is granted for use of a copy of software but ownership of the copy remains with the publisher

Proprietary Licensing

Typically, only a limited set of rights are provided to the end-user

Many denied rights would be provided under standard copyright law

Proprietary Licensing

The end-user must accept the license agreement prior to installation

Proprietary Licensing

Proprietary licenses can be based on one of two different models. Name them.

Time-based and deployment-based

Perpetual Licenses

Annual Licenses

Typically includes updates and may include upgrades

Software Rental

Time-based licensing

An add-on program where you pay an annual fee to get the upgraded support

Typically covers functionality upgrades and security fixes

Includes support program that goes above and beyond the standard "warranty

Software Maintenance

Requires a valid license for the software

Software Maintenance

Licensing that is based on how software is deployed, not based on time

Deployment-based Licensing

Name the 2 types of Deployment-based License

Stand-Alone Software Licensing

Client / Server Licensing

Type of Licensing:

Software that runs on an individual machine rather than in a client/server environment

Stand-Alone Licensing

Name the 2 approaches of stand-alone licensing

Individual Licenses and Floating Licenses

Each machine owns a distinct license, which is often tied to that particular machine

E.g., operating systems

Individual License

I.e., "reading a book" analogy

Licenses cover concurrent usage only, regardless of the number of installations

Floating License

Software that has both a client-side and server-side component

Client/Server Licensing

How client / server licensing is implemented is all about where the license is _____

enforced

Name the 2 approaches to client/server licensing.

Per-Connection Licenses

Client Access Licenses (CAL)

Enforced on the server and governs the number of concurrent connections to that particular server

Purchased per server regardless of the number of clients

Per-Connection Licenses

Enforced on the client and governs how a client access a server-based resource

Purchased per client regardless of the number of servers

Client Access Licenses (CAL)

When offered, _______ allows a single license key to validate multiple software copies

volume licensing

Often used in government or education

Costs are allocated based on the number of individual licenses in the pool

volume licensing

T/F Volume licensing is easy to exploit

Famous FCKGW key

"Timestop t2a" hack

True

T/F Microsoft deployed several mechanisms to eliminate piracy:

Enforced product activation

Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA)

Key Management Server (KMS) deployments

True

Central management of VLKs can be handled internally with a ___ host

Key Management Services (KMS)

The ____ command is used for all aspects of KMS management (server and client)

slmgr

Activation won't occur until a minimum number of clients register with the ___

Key Management Services (KMS) host

Activation won't occur until a minimum number of clients register with the KMS host is called the ___

activation threshold

How many clients does it take for KMS to work?

How many for servers?

25 and 5

A license is granted for use of a copy of software and ownership of the copy transfers to the end-user

Ownership of the copyright, however, remains with the publisher

Open Source Licensing

Implications of this type of licensing:

End-users have the right to do almost anything that any owner can do

Reverse Engineer

Modify source code

Redistribute

Open Source Licensing

Type of license:

Typically, acceptance of the license agreement is optional

Open Source Licensing

Type of license:

Any modifications made and redistributed must include source code

The end-user is not allowed to re-assert the removed copyright restrictions

Open Source Licensing

Examples:

GNU General Public License (GPL)

Most common but slightly more restrictive than others

BSD License

Originally governed the BSD OS but since expanded to cover lots of software

MIT License

Governs X-Windows, PuTTY, etc.

Open Source Licensing

Should be done periodically to ensure compliance

Non-compliance can result in all sorts of bad things

Monetary liability

Legal liability

Software License Audits

Can be done internally, voluntarily by a third-party or forcibly.

Some software can help but it's difficult to be 100% sure

If asked, need the license and invoice proving legit purchase

Software License Audits

Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA), Anti-Piracy Division

Software License Audits

Founded in 1988, focused on trying to stop software copyright infringement

Members include Microsoft, Dell, HP, Adobe, Intuit,

Cisco, Sybase, Symantec, etc.

Business Software Alliance

_____ host is configured with the VLK

Key Management Services (KMS)

Trade group representing many software vendors

Popular for its 1992 campaign "Don't Copy That Floppy

Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA), Anti-Piracy Division

Originally governed the BSD OS but since expanded to cover lots of software

BSD License

Governs X-Windows, PuTTY, etc.

MIT License