Chapter 11 Quiz

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg.

104, 40

The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract.

phrenic

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).

2,000

For which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen?

Croup

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:

alveolar sacs.

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide.

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?

Bourdon-gauge flowmeter

The structure located superior to the larynx is called the:

epiglottis.

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?

Deep respirations

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

Esophagus

The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called:

hypercarbia.

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:

can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called:

apneic oxygenation.

You are performing bag-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen are you delivering?

Nearly 100%

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts.

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:

log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg.

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?

A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant.

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%.

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

A 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.

cricoid

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:

penetrating the cranium.

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:

incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which:

cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood.

You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, she notes that he has decreased significantly from previous readings. You should:

reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering.

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

encouraging him to cough and transporting.

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation.

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered?

Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 94%

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?

Muscle

In the presence of oxygen, the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called:

aerobic metabolism.

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi.

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

a lower airway obstruction.

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

Bronchus

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

Cyanosis

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device.

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask technique is correct?

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

The tongue