Week 7: High Renaissance Italy

Marriage of the Virgin:

• Raphael

• c. 1504

• Oil on wood

• Albizzini chape, San Francesco, Citta di Castello

• made when he was in his twenties

• not from the Bible but the Golden legends

• Mary would marry a man whose rod miraculously grew flowers on his rod

• linear perspective

• vanishing point at the chapel

• Raphael signed + dated the painting on the chapel

• some suitors are upset one broke his rod

• hazy landscapes in the background

Madonna del Prato (Madonna in the Meadow):

• Raphael

• c. 1506

• Oil on wood

• implied lines

• dusking paint models

• lighter color

• Mary has rosy cheeks

• really thin halo’s cheeks

• really thin halo around Mary

• He spent 4 years in Florence and saw Leonardo’s work

The School of Athens:

• Raphael

• Fresco

• Rome, Italy

• c. 1509 - 1511

• Large scale

• Complex composition

• classical figures

• classical architecture

• one-point

• heavily inspired by Leonardo

• Pope who commissioned this is named Pope Julius, named after Roman Emperor

• represents the 4 branches of human knowledge and philosophy

• Guy in RED: ether (air) & fire, has an interest in the unseen

• Guy in BLUE: water & earth , interest in physical in physical things

• Appolo unseen

• Athena physical

• figures are grouped like how the apostles were grouped

Galatea

• Raphael

• c. 1513

• Fresco

• Villa Farnesina, Rome, Italy

• reminds me of the Birth of Venus painting

• wealth family owned this

• Galatia was being followed & harassed by Polyphemus

• Polyphemus was painted by a separate person, which is why its not in the frame

• everyone moving in different directions

• Polyphemus giant with one eye

Portrait of Pope Leo X with Cardinals

• Raphael

• Giulio de’Medici and Luigi de’Rossi

• c. 1518

• oil on panel

• cardinals vote for next Pope

• Leo X was the son of a Meddici

• Nephew on left (later became a pop)

• cousin on the right

• magnifying glass on the bible

• detail is good, ppl found what book he was reading

• Pope was a political figure, one of the most important offices in the world

• bell to summon ppl

• ball reflects a window

Pieta:

• Michelangelo

• c. 1499

• Marble

• Basilica di San Piertro, Vatican

• called “The Divine” cause his works were so high-quality

• worked for 9 pops

• died at 80

• had to sign a contract saying this sculpture is the best in the world

• the only time he signed his name

• also distracted bodies

David (Michelangelo):

• David

• c. 1504

• Marble

• Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence

• Michelangelo → Celebrity Artist

• Classical nude as the model

• 17 ft tall

• originally commissioned to decorate the outside of a cathedral

• more secular

• this David is before the fight with Goliath, he is holding a rock and a slingshot

Design of tomb of Julius II

• Michelangelo

• c. 1505

• The original design was to be 8 meters (26 feet high)

• was not completed

Moses (Michelangelo):

• Michelangelo

• Marble

• Rome, Italy

• c. 1513 - 1515

• Meant to be viewed from below

• Part of tomb sculpture of Pope Julius II

• Turned head similar to David

• Tables of law under the arm

• Pent up, muscular energy

• did not finish the tomb

• Moses has horns because of a wrong translation

• radiant was thought to be horns

• spiraling movement

Slaves / Captives:

• Michelangelo

• also made for tomb

• they are unfinished

• don’t know what they are supposed to represent

• free from physical to get spiritual

• in a beautiful contrapposto pose

Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelo

• Fresco

• Rome, Italy

• c. 1508 - 1512

• Completed over 4 years (compare to 20 years for Ghiberti’s bapistery doors)

• Narrates Creation, Fall of Man, Redemption

• Over 300 figures

• Michelangelo’s painting of human figures like his sculpture - musccular, classical nudes

• Julius 2 asked him to commision another piece

• originally did not want to, he was a sculptor not a painter

• said yes, took 4 years to complete

• painted on a ceiling

• He used vibrant colors

• 9 different scnes from the Old Testeament

• used gray to divide the scenes and to look like stones

• painted ppl who predicted Jesus’s birth

• added figures: ignudi = naked, not part of story

Creation of Adam:

• Michelangelo

• c. 1510

• Fresco

• Cappella Sista, Vatican

• angel lifted God like he was heavy

• If Adam lifted his finger a little more he would touch God

The Temptation of Adam and Eve:

• Michelangelo

• c. 1510

• Cappella Sistina, Vatican

• continuous events

• snake half woman

The Last Judgment:

• Michelangelo

• Fresco

• Rome, Italy

• c. 1534 - 1541

• Painted for 20 years after ceiling

• Change in mood- no longer light, positive

• Grotesque, twisted figures

• Michelangelo has progressed from earlier humanist views to religious preoccupation with the fate of man and is own soul

• Mich paints the ceiling 1508- 12

• Protestant Reformation begins

• c. 1517

• Michelangelo paints the altar wall 1536 - 41

• figures still muscular

• not as light and positive

• heads smaller than the body

• St. Bartholomew: he was skinned alive, the artist need to shed in order to get better

• kisses between men

Tempietto:

• Bramante

• Located inside the church of San Pietro in Montorio

• Rome, Italy

• c. 1902

• Bramante devolped high renaissance version of central plan church

• Temptiotto as prototype of classical, domed, renaissance architecture

• All’antica style: mix of classical and new

• pagan temple influence

• Harmony, rhythm as discussed by Vitruvius

• chapel within a church

• influenced by classical period, has columns

• Bramente inspired by Rafael

• 1505. pope Julius II commissions him

• Bramante died before completion

Mannerism:

• The term derives from manière, meaning “style” or “manner’, which in turns comes from mano, hand

• Art is something fashioned by human hand

• Mannerism is associated with artifice: art is not “natural”

• Ambiguous space

• Elongated or distorted forms

• Departure from conventions

• Unusual representations of traditional themes

Madonna dal Collo Lungo (Madonna with Long Neck)

• Parmigianino

• Madonna dal Collo Lungo (Madonna with Long Neck)

• c. 1524 - 40

• Oil on panel

• Galleria deglu Uffzi, Florence

• Idealism, not realism

• art as teacher, not nature

• influenced by High

• Renaissance masters, like Michelangelo

• she is large

• head small, toes small, no respect of human anatomy

• bones seem soft

• body creates diamond shape

• Jesus is elongated

• Jesus arm looks dislocated

• trying to show beauty: idealism

• figure/ prophet holding a scroll bottom right, standing underneath Mary

Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time (Allegory of Lust)

• Bronzino

• c. 1546

• Oil on Wood

• Venus son is Cupid

• incest

• Venus holding apple (Paris gave the fairest an apple)

• Venus stole Cupid’s arrow

• mask bottom right & rleft

• child about to throw something, bells on akle

• man screaming

• hour glass life passing

• cranos god of itme

• head of girl, body of snake, holding a honey comb