body structure

cyt/o

cell

hist/o

tissue

nucle/o

nucleus

anter/o

anterior, front

caud/o

tail

dist/o

far, farthest

dors/o

back (of body)

infer/o

lower, below

later/o

side, to one side

medi/o

middle

poster/o

back (of body)

proxim/o

near, nearest

super/o

upper, above

ventr/o

belly, belly side up

-ad

toward

-logist

specialist in the study of

-logy

study of

-lysis

separation; destruction; loosening

chondr/o

cartilage

-meter

instrument for measuring

ac

pertaining to

al

pertaining to

ar

pertaining to

iac

pertaining to

ic

pertaining to

ior

pertaining to

ary

pertaining to

eal

pertaining to

ous

pertaining to

tic

pertaining to

cephal/ad

refers to the direction toward the head

ab-

away from

duction

act of leading, bringing, conducting

abdomin/o

abdomen

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck of the body OR neck of the uterus (cervix uteri)

crani/o

cranium (skull)

gastr/o

stomach

ili/o

ilium (lateral flaring portion of hip bone)

inguin/o

groin

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

pelv/i*

pelvis

spin/o

spine

thorac/o

chest

umbilic/o

umbilicus navel (scar marking the former attachment oof umbilical cord)(bellybutton)

what are the 3 major body planes called

frontal (coronal) , median (midsagittal), and horizontal (transverse)

the body plane that divides the body into 2 equal parts: left and right

midsagital (median)

the body plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior portions)

Transverse (horizantal)

a trans/verse section is also called a…

cross-sectional plane

trans-

through or across

-verse

turning

what is a body cavity and what is it for

hollow space within the body that contain, protect, and support internal organs

what are the thoracic and abdominal cavities separated by

diaphragm

why is the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity considered abdominopelvic cavity

bc they are not separated by a wall

what is the dors/al cavity subdivided into AND what do they both house

1. crani/al - contains the brain

2. spin/al - contains the spinal cord

what does the thoracic cavity contain

heart and lungs

what does the abdominopelvic cavity contain

digestive and reproductive organs

whats the largest cavity in the body that includes the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity

ventral cavity

what are the 4 quadrants the abdominopelvic cavity is divided by (reading from looking at a patient in the anatomical position)

Right upper quadrant (RUQ, Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ), Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

what quadrant contains the stomach

LUQ Left Upper Quadrant

what quadrant contains the appendix

RLQ right lower quadrant

what are the 9 regions of the body

right hypo-chondriac, epigastric, left hypo-chondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal,hypo-gastric, left inguinal

under or below

hypo-

above or on

epi-

what region can heartburn pain be located in

epigastric

what does the hypogastric region have

large intestine (aka colon)

what does AP mean

anteroposterior

what does Bx, bc mean

biopsy

LAT, lat means

lateral

PA means

posteroanterior, pernicious anemia, pulmonary artery

physician assistant

CT means

computed tomography

CXR means

chest x ray, chest radiograph

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

PET

positron emission tomography

US

ultrasound; ultrasonography

SPECT

single photon emission computed tomography

what is the disease adhesion

band of scar like tissue forms between two surfaces inside the body and causes them to stick together (often result from surgery) especially in abdomen

what is the disease edema

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

what is inflammation

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection , or allergy

septicemia (disease)

septic (infection) -emia: blood

caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood (AKA sepsis and blood poisoning)

what is a culture and sensitivity test (C & S)

laboratory test of a body fluid placed on a culture medium to identify the cause of an infection

what is an endoscopy

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

fluroscopy

a radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x - rays

what is a MRI

radiographic procedure that uses electromagnetic energy to produce a multiplanar cross-sectional image of the body

nuclear scan

radiographic procedure that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing radionuclide

what is tomography

any of several radiographic procedures in which specialized machines produce a film representing a detail cross-section (slice) of an area, tissue or organ (types: PET, CT, SPECT)

computed tomography

tomography in which a narrow beam of x-rays rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body

ultrasonography

radiographe procedure in which a smaller transducer passed over the skin transmits high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off of body tissue and are recorded to produce an image

what is the record produced by a US (ultrasound)

sonogram , or echogram

x-ray (+ what colors are dense bones vs soft body tissue)

higher-energy electromagnetic waves pass through the body into a photographic film to produce an image of internal structures

soft body tissues (stomach or liver) appear black/grey

dense body tissue (bones) appear white

anastomosis

connection between two vessels (surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments) to allow flow from one side to another

cauterize

destruction of abnormal tissue with an electrically heated instrument or chemicals (silver nitrate)

I&D (incision and drainage)

minor surgical procedure to release pus or pressure built up under the skin (ex: from an abscess or boil)