Functional Groups Properties and Names

Hydroxyl’s properties

attracts water, dissloves

Hydroxyl’s name

Alcohols

Methyl’s properties

affects expression of genes, can’t copy mRNA or proteins, only nonpolar one

Methyl’s name

Methylated compounds

Carboxyl’s properties

charged, ionizes and releases H+, thus acidic

Carboxyl’s name

Carboxylic acids (organic acids)

Amino’s properties

charged, accepts H+ to form NH3+, thus basic

Amino’s name

Aminos

Phosphate’s properties

charged, ionizes to release H+, thus acidic, potential to react with H2O, releases energy

Phosphate’s name

Organic phosphates

Sulfhydryl’s Properties

Polar, 2 can stabilize protein structure

Sulfhydryl’s name

Thiols

Carbonyl’s properties

Polar, found in sugar

Carbonyl’s names

Ketone and Aldehyde