psych final

motivational interviewing

• focus on where you are vs where you want to be

• allows clients to draw own conclusions about what has to be done to change

Hardiness

Commitment: keep committed

Control: feel in control

Challenge: see it as a challenge, not a threat

Coping self efficacy

Belief that you have the resourses to handle the stressor

Protectors against stress

1. social support

2. hardiness

3. coping self efficacy

4. optimism

5. problem focused coping

6. emotion focused coping

PTSD

• specific traumatic event(s)

• flashbacks (triggered in right hemisphere)

• emotional but numb

• avoid exposure

• onset or delayed

treatment for ptsd

• remove from traumatic situation

• educate survivors and family

• zoloft

• exposure therapy

• coping training

Phobias

Intense irrational fears of an object or situation

• still in touch with reality

• 1/3 of population will show symptoms

• classical conditioning

Anxiety disorders

Negative emotions characterised by distressing level of apprehension, fear, physical arousal, doubt about the source of the threat, self doubt

• interferes with daily function

Distress

Reaction depends on appraisal (can you handle it?)

• noise increases risk of heart disease and stroke

Psychosomatic Disorders

Disorders with physical systems caused by psychological issues

• hypertension, ulcers

Immune system and stress

• immune system is suppressed when stressed

• more likely to get sick days after stressful event

Cortisol

• converts protein into glucose

• makes fat available for energy

• increase blood flow (heart rate and blood pressure go up)

Sense Stressor

• sympathetic nervous system is activated

• adrenal medulla

• epinephrine/adrenaline

• signal sent to hypothalamus (anterior pituitary + adrenal cortex)

• cortisol is released

General adaptation syndrome

Alarm

resistance

exhaustion (can’t take it any more)

Stress

Pattern of physiological, behavioural, emotional, cognitive repsonses to real or imagined stimuli that hte body sees as a threat

Personality

the biologically and environmentally determined characteristics within a person that account for distinctive and relatively enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

ID

Operates according to pleasure pricnple

Ego

Conscious level

trying to satisfy both ID and supergo

Reality principle

Superego

Moral arm of personality

Society’s ideals anad values

Reward and punishment controls

Morals over realism

Pleasure Principle

the drive for instant need gratification that is characteristic of the id

Reality Principle

Act in a rational fashion to satisfy its needs

“What can I realistically and safely do to satisfy my needs”

flooding

continuous exposure to the fearful object until it no longer produces a response

implosion

patient continuously imagines a fearful situation

systematic desensitzation

1. train client in muscle relaxing

2. imagine fear and be reminded with cue to relax

3. eventually do it with the fear (IN VIVO)

counter conditioning

replaced CR of fear with a more pleasant response

pair feared object with positive ucs