Anatomy Chap. 3 part 2

Bone

composed of (term name) cells sitting in cavities surrounded by layers of a very hard matrix that contains calcium salts and large numbers of collagen fibers; rock-like hardness that protects and supports other body organs

Cartilage

white, semi opaque connective tissue; less hard and more flexible than bone

Hyaline cartilage

abundant collagen fibers hidden by a rubber matrix with a glassy blue-white appearance; forms the supporting structures of the larynx, attaches the ribs to the breastbone, and covers the end of many bones where they form joints

Fibrocartilage

forms cushion like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column; highly compressible

Elastic cartilage

found where a structure with elasticity is desired, such as the outer part of the ear

Dense connective tissue/dense fibrous tissue

has collagen fibers as its main matrix element; forms strong, rope like structures such as tendons and ligaments

Tendons

connects skeletal muscle to bones

Ligaments

connects bones to bones at joints; contain more elastic fiber and are more stretchy than tendons

Loose connective tissues

tissue that is softer, has more cells, and fewer fibers than any other connective tissue besides blood

Areolar tissue

most widely distributed connective tissue; soft, pliable, “cobwebby” tissue that protects the body organs it surrounds. functions as a universal packing tissue and connective tissue that holds internal organs together in their correct positions

Edema

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; swelling

Adipose tissue

an areolar tissue commonly called fat; mostly filled with oil that moves the nucleus to one side, and its surrounded in a thin layer of cytoplasm; protects some organs like the kidneys and eyes, also has depots in the body where fat is stored for energy

Reticular connective tissue

a delicate network of interwoven reticular fiber; can only form on the stroma

Stroma

internal framework, which can support many free blood cells in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow

Blood

considered a connective tissue; consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving, fluid matrix called blood plasma; transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system

Muscle tissue

highly specialized to contract to produce movement(skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

Skeletal muscle tissue

voluntary muscle; form the flesh of the body and only job is to contract and pull bone and skin; the cells are long, cylindrical, have many nuclei, and are striated

Cardiac muscle

specialized muscle of the heart; has striations, has one nucleus, and are short, branching cells that connect at intercalated disks.

Intercalated disks

connect cardiac muscle cells; contain gap junctions that quickly transports electrical impulse across the heart

smooth/visceral muscle

individual cells have a single nucleus and are spindle shaped; found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, blood vessels, and uterus; named this because it has no visible striations

Nervous tissue/neurons

receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one part of the body to another; cytoplasm is is drawn out into long extensions, as long as 3 feet; works with supporting cells to make up the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system

Supporting cells

special group of cells that insulate, support, and protect delicate neurons; along with neurons, makes up the nervous system

Regeneration

the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Fibrosis

repairs destroyed tissue with dense(fibrous) connective tissue; scar tissue

Neoplasm

an abnormal mass of proliferating cells(occurs when cells fail to honor normal controls on cell division and multiply rapidly); tumor

Hyperplasia

an enlargement of body tissues due to a local irritant or condition that stimulates the cell; a woman’s breasts enlarging during pregnancy

Atrophy

a reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use.