Fungal Reproduction

where do reproductive bodies emerge from to make spores?

a mycelium

what are mushrooms ?

a fruiting body

what does a fairy ring indicate ?

mycelium size, showing the central point mycelium is spread

what cycles are spores made?

sexual and asexual:(on the tips of hyphae)

all fungal cells are haploid or diploid?

haploid (1n) protected by coating

how do spores disperse?

by air or water landing on new resources

spores germinate on…

food source, growing into a new haploid (n) mycelium

are asexual spores made by meiosis or mitosis?

mitosis growing new genetically identical mycelia

what type of asexual spores are there?

conidiospores and sporangiospores

what structure produces conidiospores?

conidiophores

what do spores allow fungi to do?

expand their distribution and colonize new environments

what can spores be released by?

the parent thallus outside or w/in a special reproductive sac, a sporangium

sporangiophore

release of sporangiospores from a sporangium at the end of a hypha

zygomycete

asexual reproduction

what are types asexual reproduction?

budding and fragmentation

budding

bulge forms on side of cell, nucleus divides mitotically, and bud detaches itself from mother cell

how do yeasts reproduce asexually?

somatic cells in them form buds

fragmentation

bits of mycelium can grown into new individual

do sexual reproduction of fungi include genders?

no, instead + or - mating types

homothallic/self-fertile

both mating types present in the same mycelium

heterothallic

mycelia require 2 diff. compatible mycelia to reproduce sexually

what is the 1st step to form a zygote ?

plasmogamy which is marriage or union of cytoplasm

plasmogamy

fusion of haploid + and - hyphae

what is the 2nd step to form a zygote ?

heterokaryotic stage

heterokaryotic stage

hyphae w/unfused haploid nuclei of both types; a single cell having 2 types of nuclei

what is the 3rd step to form a zygote?

karyogamy which is nuclear marriage when the nucleus fuse

karyogamy

fusion of +/- haploid nuclei to form zygote (2n)

zygote (2n)always does what?

meiosis making genetically diverse spores (n)

what is there never in meiosis?

a multicellular 2n stage

sexual reproduction in fungi produces…

genetic variation

asexual reproduction in fungi produces …

identical