OLI AP Unit 3 Module 5 water and hydrogen bonding-

properties of water

polar molecule

high surface tension

ice is less dense than water

high heat required for vaporization

high specific heat capacity

high dielectric constant

hydrogen bonding

between partially negative charged atoms with high electronegativity and partially positive hydrogen atoms that are bonded to oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atoms

holds tertiary structure of proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids together and contributes to stability

provide strength and structure of plant cell wall in cellulose

each water molecule participates in

four hydrogen bonds

to break hydrogen bonds water molecules require

80 kcal/mol

ionic compounds are dissociated into ions in aqueous solutions because

they become dissociated into ions

spheres of hydration

water spheres that encapsulate ions

maintain separation of ions from each other

must be broken for binding to take place with a specific binding partner

hydrophilic

water-soluble

hydrophobic interaction

nonpolar/neutral molecules

do not interact with water

are driven together in aqueous solutions

amphipathic molecules

have a distinct nonpolar region and a distinct polar region

covalent bond energy

100 kcal/mol

ionic bond energy

5 kcal/mol

hydrogen bond energy

5 kcal/mol

hydrophobic interaction bond energy

5 kcal/mol

van der Waals bond energy

5 kcal/mol depends on SA

electrolyte

any fluid that contains free ions

we get them through ingestion

important ions in physiology

sodium

potassium

calcium

chloride

phosphate

pH

negative logarithm of proton concentration

less than 7 is acidic

more than 7 is basic

7 is neutral

pH equation

-log(H^+)

acid dissociation

an acid is in equilibrium with a proton and corresponding conjugate base

Bronsted def of an acid

proton donor

Bronsted def of base

proton acceptor