Anatomy and Phisiology Unit 2

Bones

Talus

bone right above the and Calcaneus in the foot

acetabulum

socket for the hip

Ischium

bone in the hip between pubis and ilium 

caracoid process

hook shaped part of the scapula

acromion

long narrow arm of the scapula

olecranon fossa

a cavity only visible on the posterior view of the humorus

sphenoid bone

a bone inside the skull. can be seen through the eyesockets.

tibia

larger lower leg bone

fibia 

smaller lower leg bone 

ulna

longer lower arm bone

radius

the arm bone next to the thumb

3 types of phalanges

proximal, medial and distal(small end)

glenoid cravity

the medial side of the scapula

the coracoid process

hook shaped on the front of the scapula

The sphenoid crest appears where

appears in the front of the sphenoid bone 

sella turcica appears where

appears in the back of the sphenoid bone

acromion process

long narrow bone on the back of the scapula

name 4 functions of the skeletal system

support, storage of minerals & lipids, blood cell production, movement
(sspm)

what is responcible for surface features on bones?

bones are being tugged on by mucles and grow in leagth, for example the styloid process

what is between the epiphysis and diaphysis?

the metaphysis

a round bony projection on the femur and tibia. This is where the growth plate is located

what cell erodes bone?

osteoclast

what cell type forms bone?

osteoblast

what is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

spongy bone is porous and found inside

what is periosteum

a membrane on the outer surface of bone

two functions of periosteum?

delivbering nutrients, containing nerve fibers, brone growth and repair

what limits the flexion of the elbow?

olecranon process of the ulna

what join offers the greatest ROM?

Shoulder joint(glenohumeral)

what part of the body can perform opposition and reposition movements?

the thumb

what structors help to limit the range of motion of a joint?

ligaments and tendons

what is the role of the meniscus?

shock absorber for the knee

freely moving joints are lubricated by what

synovial fluid

structural joints of the skull are what?

fibrous joints

name 3 types of joints

fibrous(immovable), cartilaginous(slight movement), synovial(free movement)

how does young and old bone marrow differ?

young marrow is blood producing(red) and old is more fat(yellow)

two types of bone formation?

intramembranous and endochrondal ossification

what is intramembranous ossification?

intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from connective tissue

what is endochondral ossification?

endochondral ossification involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model with bone

what special feature does c2 vertebra possess?

odontoid process, which provides movement and stability of the neck

what is the name of the uppermost c1 vertebrae

the atlas