Experimental Design

manipulation, variables, random assignment, two groups, internal validity, causal

experimental design studies must have _____ of _____ and _____ to _____, exert control over most threats to _____ providing strongest evidence for _____ relationships

randomization, control group, quasiexperimental

experimental designs include _____ and _____ while _____ design do not include either

between subjects, within subjects

two types of randomization

randomization, independent, outcome assessment

between subjects design has true _____ with _____ groups and _____ is the same

control, subject variability

within subjects design subjects act as own _____, way to control _____

single factor, one way

_____/_____ design has one independent variable with any number of levels

multiple factor, number, number of levels, matrix table

_____ design has two or more IV, described according to _____ of IV and may incorporate _____, shown via _____

IV, levels, experimental, control, groups, assigned, measurements, temporal sequence, interventions, measurements

when selecting design consider how many _____ are being tested, how many _____ each have and if they are _____/_____, how many _____ are being tested, how will they be _____, how often with _____ be made, what is _____ of _____/_____

pretest posttest control group, posttest only control group, factorial designs for independent groups, repeated measures

four main designs

standard, cause and effect, internal validity

pretest posttest control group design is scientific _____ of investigating _____ relationships, strong _____

2+, independent, random, parallel

pretest posttest have _____ groups that are _____, _____ assignment or _____ group study

1, multigroup, cluster, 1+

pretest posttest have _____ IV (_____ compare multiple treatments and control while _____ multiple sites) and _____ DV

strong, group equivalence, randomization, bias, attrition, social, interaction, treatment, testing

pretest posttest has _____ internal validity (pretest scores demonstrate _____, _____ controls for _____), threats not controlled include _____ and differential _____ threats, threats to external validity include _____ of _____ and _____

pretest, outcome, impractical, contraindicated, reactive

posttest only control group design does not have _____ administered, reduces risk of impacting _____, used when _____/_____/_____

strong, assume, equivalent, random assignment, large sample, characteristics, increased, pretest, affect

posttest only has _____ internal validity (_____ groups are _____ due to _____, best with _____ to increase probability of balancing _____), _____ external validity by eliminating potential for _____ to _____ posttest

compare, parametric, nonparametric

pretest posttest and posttest only _____ data using appropriate _____/_____ statistics

2+ IV, randomly assigned, combinations, levels, large sample

factorial designs for independent groups incorporates _____, subjects _____ to various _____ of variable _____, needs _____

main effects, IV, interaction effects, between, IV, two way

factorial designs are analyzed by _____ of each _____, _____ _____ the _____, _____ analysis of variance commonly used

randomized block, extraneous, between groups

_____ design is used when concerned that an _____ factor might influence the _____ differences

blocking variable, random assignment, similar

in randomized block _____ used during _____ to ensure that participants are _____ across groups on this attribute

two way, regression, discriminant

randomized block analyzed by _____ analysis of variance, multiple _____, or _____ analysis

interaction, treatment, blocking variable, generalize, significant

randomized block design analysis determine _____ between _____ and _____, treatment doesn’t _____ if _____

within subjects, own control, equivalent, over time

repeated measures design is _____ (subjects are _____), allows for most _____ control group, used when comparing _____

individual, posttest, treatment

repeated measures control for influence of _____ differences to increase confidence that differences observed in _____ are likely to reflect _____ differences

randomized, true experiment, randomization, application order

repeated measures do not have _____ control group and do not qualify as _____, considered if design incorporates _____ in _____ of repeated measure

practice, learning, baseline

disadvantages of repeated measures include _____ effects (possibility of _____) should compare to _____ measurements

carryover, treatment conditions, time, dissipate

disadvantages of repeated measures include _____ effects (exposed to multiple _____) should provide enough _____ for effects to _____ between

order, condition, preceded, randomize sequence

disadvantages of repeated measures include _____ effects (responses are dependent on which _____ _____ others) should _____

crossover, randomized, sequence, order effects, two levels, IV, stable, washout period, common baseline, prolonged

_____ design participants are _____ to treatment _____, control for _____ when only _____ of _____ are repeated, only used when condition is _____, should incorporate _____ to allow for _____ (eliminate _____ effects of treatment)

two way, >1 IV, over time, time, IV

_____ design with two repeated measures is used in studies with _____, comparing responses _____ (_____ is _____)

mixed, two IV, repeated, all, randomized, independent

_____ design is repeated measures with _____ (one _____ across _____ subjects, other is _____ to _____ groups)

sequential, continuous analysis, successive pairs

_____ clinical trials allow for _____ of data, compare success of intervention for _____ of subjects

stopped, detect difference, reduction, subjects, decision, effectiveness, sooner

sequential clinical trials are _____ as soon as evidence is strong enough to _____, may result in _____ of _____, make _____ about intervention _____ _____

alternative, practical, large sample, lengthy, end, drug

sequential clinical trials are _____ approach to RCT to decrease _____ challenges like _____, _____ process, analysis at _____, primarily used in _____ trials