PMLS II Lecture - Chapter 8 | 9 | 10 - Specimen Handling & Processing | Other Specimen Collection & Handling | Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Reviewer for Specimen Handling & Processing | Other Specimen Collection & Handling | Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Serial Hematocrit

Measurement of packed red blood cell volume.

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.

Specimen Handling

Process of managing samples post-collection.

Gastric Washing

Procedure to collect gastric contents for analysis.

Sputum Processing

Preparation of sputum samples for diagnostic tests.

Temperature for Specimens

Maintain near body temperature for specimen integrity.

Contaminated Specimens

Samples that may carry infectious agents.

Specimen Labeling

Critical identification information on sample containers.

Specimen Processing

Immediate action taken after specimen collection.

Analysis Affected by Eating

Altered results due to recent food intake.

Glucose

Blood sugar level affected by food consumption.

Inorganic Phosphorus

Mineral level that can be influenced by diet.

Lipids

Fats in blood that can change after meals.

Thymol Turbidity

Cloudiness in serum indicating possible contamination.

Triglyceride

Type of fat that increases post-meal.

Bilirubin Preservation

Cover specimens to prevent light exposure damage.

Centrifugation

Separation of components in blood via spinning.

QNS Specimens

Quantity Not Sufficient; requires recollection.

Serum Separator

Device used to separate serum from blood cells.

Stat Request

Immediate processing of urgent laboratory tests.

Hemolysis

Destruction of red blood cells affecting sample quality.

Lipemia

Presence of excess lipids causing hazy serum.

Icteric Serum

Yellowish serum due to high bilirubin levels.

Handling Contaminated Materials

Precautions taken when dealing with infectious samples.

Icteric

Appearance of yellowish discoloration in specimens.

Contaminated Materials Handling

Procedures for safely managing hazardous specimens.

Centrifuge

Spin specimens to separate components with a stopper.

Disinfectant

Chemical used to eliminate pathogens on surfaces.

Iodophor Scrubs

Antiseptic used for hand washing after specimen handling.

Autoclave

Device for sterilizing contaminated materials at high pressure.

Preferred Volume

Standard amount of specimen, typically 50 mL.

Urinalysis (UA)

Routine analysis to diagnose urinary system disorders.

Random Urine Specimen

Collected at any time, less accurate results.

First Morning Urine Specimen

Most concentrated urine, ideal for testing.

Midstream Clean Catch

Preferred method for culture and sensitivity testing.

Timed Specimen

Collected over specific intervals, like 24 hours.

Catheterized Specimen

Collected from patients unable to urinate normally.

Suprapubic Aspiration

Collection method for bedridden patients using a needle.

Pediatric Specimen

Urine collection method for infants and small children.

Purposes of Urinalysis

Diagnosis, monitoring wellness, and therapy evaluation.

Chemical Preservation

Use of chemicals to maintain urine integrity.

Refrigeration

Cooling method to preserve urine samples.

Container for Urine Collection

Must be clean, dry, and particle-free.

Leak-resistant Lid

Feature of containers to prevent sample contamination.

Specialized Preservatives

Chemicals like nitric acid for specific analyses.

Minimum Volume

Required amount of urine, usually 12 mL.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Used for stool sample collection to stabilize urobilinogen.

EDTA

Anticoagulant used in various laboratory tests.

Stool Sample

Collected for analysis of gastrointestinal health.

Routine Urinalysis

Tests physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

Bacteriologic Culture

Identifies bacteria from urine samples for infection diagnosis.

Pregnancy Test

Detects human chorionic gonadotropin in urine.

Drug Test

Screens for substances in urine, often for employment.

Urine Alcohol Testing

Measures blood alcohol content through urine analysis.

Stool Analysis

Evaluates stool for parasites, blood, and other abnormalities.

Macroscopic Examination

Initial visual assessment of stool characteristics.

Microscopic Examination

Detailed analysis of stool components under a microscope.

Fecal Occult Blood Test

Detects hidden blood in stool samples.

Concentrated Procedures

Methods to enhance detection of pathogens in stool.

Direct Antigen Detection

Identifies specific antigens in stool for infections.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Protective fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord.

Gross Appearance of CSF

Assesses turbidity and color of cerebrospinal fluid.

Red Blood Cell Count

Measures RBCs in CSF for bleeding assessment.

White Blood Cell Count

Evaluates immune response in cerebrospinal fluid.

Morphologic Examination

Differential count of cells in CSF for diagnosis.

Routine Chemistry Tests

Analyzes protein, glucose, and lactate levels in CSF.

Volume of CSF

Normal volume ranges from 90-150 mL.

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's

Substances in CSF indicating potential Alzheimer's disease.

Microbiological Examination

Identifies pathogens in CSF for infection diagnosis.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid collected via lumbar puncture for diagnosis.

Lumbar Puncture

Procedure to collect CSF from the spinal column.

Semen Analysis

Evaluates male reproductive health and dysfunction.

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain, often viral or bacterial.

Infertility

Inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex.

Therapeutic Insemination

Insemination procedure using selected donor sperm.

Fungal Infection

Infection caused by fungi, affecting various body parts.

Brain Abscess

Localized infection in the brain, forming pus.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the space between the brain and tissue.

Multiple Sclerosis

Demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system.

Sample Collection

Gathering biological specimens for laboratory testing.

Sample Volume

Typically, 20 mL of CSF is collected.

Sample Transportation

Deliver samples to the lab within 1 hour.

Synovial Fluid

Fluid in joint cavities, aids in lubrication.

Transudate

Clear fluid, does not clot, indicates non-inflammatory conditions.

Exudate

Cloudy fluid, indicates inflammation or infection.

Arthrocentesis

Procedure to aspirate synovial fluid from joints.

Sputum

Mucus from the respiratory tract, used for testing.

Saliva

Fluid produced in the mouth, used for various tests.

Salivary Cortisol

Measurement of cortisol levels in saliva.

HIV Antibodies

Antibodies detected in saliva for HIV testing.

Serous Fluids

Fluids formed in body cavities, appear pale yellow.

Genetic Testing

Analysis of DNA for genetic disorders or traits.

Physician

A medical professional diagnosing and treating patients.

Aspirates

To draw fluid from a body cavity using suction.

Serous Fluid

Clear fluid found in body cavities for lubrication.

Sputum

Mucus coughed from the respiratory tract.

Phlegm

Thick mucus produced in response to infection.

Anticoagulant Tubes

Containers used to prevent blood clotting during tests.

EDTA Tube

Tube containing EDTA for blood cell analysis.

Heparin Tube

Tube containing heparin for chemical analysis.