Functions of Brain Structures

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22 Terms

1

cerebrum

initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

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2

cerebral cortex

sends messages to other brain areas (memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions

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3

thalamus

relays sensory and motor information to the cortex and helps with consciousness, sleep, and alertness

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4

cerebellum

motor control, coordination, and spatial navigation

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5

brain stem

nerve pathway that runs all the way down your back sending and receiving information from our senses

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6

pons

help control breathing

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7

medulla oblongata

regulates the heart and other body reflexes like vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing

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8

hypothalamus

what wakes you up in the morning and gets the adrenaline flowing, like during a test or athletic event

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9

pituitary gland

helps control growth, body temperature, pregnancy, and childbirth

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10

pineal

helps control sleep and circadian rhythms

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11

epithalamus

secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland and regulation of motor pathways and emotions

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12

optic chiasma

visual signals

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13

optic nerve

nerve signals that are carried to the brain which get interpreted as visual images

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14

optic tract

carry visual information from the optic chiasma to the left and right lateral geniculate bodies as a part of the visual pathway

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15

corpus callosum

serve as a conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other 

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16

midbrain

relay system, transmitting information necessary for vision and hearing

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17

dura mater

limits rotational displacement of the brain

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18

diencephalon

coordinates with the endocrine system to release hormones, relay sensory and motor signals to cerebral cortex,and regulating circadian rhythms 

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19

grey matter

 enables individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions

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20

white matter

relay nerve signals

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21

spinal cord

send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes

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22

fornix

cognition and episodic memory recall

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