Digestive System Lab and Anatomy Review

A set of fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering histology, digestive organs, salivary glands, teeth, pancreas, liver lobule structure, tunics, and sphincters.

The central vein collects blood from the liver lobule and drains into the __________ vein, which carries blood toward the heart.

hepatic

The Portal Triad consists of three structures: the hepatic artery, the hepatic portal vein, and the __________ duct.

bile

The functional cells of the liver that clean blood, store nutrients, make bile, and detoxify are called __________.

hepatocytes

The esophagus is lined with non-keratinized __________ squamous epithelium to protect against friction.

stratified

The main process of the esophagus is propulsion, which moves food to the stomach by __________.

peristalsis

The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar and contains __________ cells that protect the stomach lining from acid.

mucus

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid functions to kill __________.

microbes

The stomach enzyme pepsin functions to digest __________.

proteins

Located in the mucosa tunic, __________ are tiny finger-like folds that increase surface area and absorb nutrients.

villi

Peyer's Patches are located in the __________ tunic of the ileum and provide immune defense.

submucosa

The surface of a tooth crown is covered and protected by __________.

enamel

The surface of a tooth root is covered by __________.

cementum

The tooth root is attached to the jaw by the __________ ligament.

periodontal

Children have __________ deciduous or primary teeth.

20

Adults have __________ permanent teeth, including wisdom teeth.

32

The parotid salivary gland primarily secretes the enzyme __________.

amylase

The sublingual salivary gland secretes mucus and __________ lipase.

lingual

In the pancreas, acinar cells have an exocrine function, while pancreatic islets have an __________ function.

endocrine

Pancreatic juice contains four major enzymes: amylase, lipase, trypsin, and __________.

chymotrypsin

Pancreatic islets release the hormones insulin and __________ into the blood.

glucagon

The layer of the digestive tunic made of smooth muscle that functions to move food along is the muscularis __________.

externa

The outermost tunic layer that anchors and protects the organ is the __________.

adventitia

The main digestive process of the large intestine is the absorption of water and __________.

electrolytes

The hepatic portal vein carries blood that is rich in nutrients but low in __________ from the digestive organs to the liver.

oxygen

The __________ palate is made of elastic muscle and squamous epithelium and closes off the nose during swallowing.

soft

The __________ covers the airway during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.

epiglottis

Folds in the stomach lining that allow it to stretch when full are called __________.

rugae

The digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum is lined with __________ columnar epithelium.

simple

The sphincter valve located between the small intestine and the large intestine is the __________ valve.

ileocecal

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the __________.

gallbladder

The pathway bile uses to travel into and out of the gallbladder is the __________ duct.

cystic

The __________ bile duct carries bile to the duodenum.

common