Internet and the World Wide Web

Flashcards reviewing the internet, the world wide web and the history and protocols behind them.

Internet

A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.

Internet

The infrastructure to support electronic mail and the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW).

Sputnik 1

The first artificial satellite to be put into Earth’s orbit by the Soviet Union in October 1957.

The Internet

Originally known as ARPANET, this network was used for sharing data between universities and government research facilities.

MILNET

The military portion of ARPANET.

National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA)

Funded the development of additional networks in the 1980’s.

High-speed fiber optic lines

Connects regions, cities, states, countries, and continents to create interconnected networks that enable information exchange.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

An organization that directs the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

A non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise regarding the technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6).

Protocol

The rules for communicating.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

supports WWW communication

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

supports email

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

supports Internet telephony

Local area networks (LANs)

Connects computers in one location and are controlled by a local entity (a university or business).

Router

The device that connects networks.

Intranet

A network that is meant to allow local communication only.

Extranet

Is used (by businesses) to allow controlled access via the public Internet to select information on a network.

Secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology

Allowing no access to general Internet users or even node administrators. Most e-commerce transactions use a secure form of http, called https.

Cloud

A collection of servers, in multiple locations that act collectively to provide services.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Specifies where a known resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.