term 1 final properties of light and sound

wave

a disturbance or vibration that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter permanently.

crest

• is the point on a wave where the particles of the medium have the maximum positive displacement from their rest position.

crest

highest point of a wave

trough

is the lowest point of a wave. It is the opposite of a crest, which is the highest point of a wave.

wavelength

is the distance between two identical points on consecutive waves. It is the length of one complete wave cycle

amplitude

is the maximum distance or displacement of a point on a wave from its equilibrium (rest) position.

amplitude

It measures the height or strength of a wave

period

 is the time required for one complete wave cycle or vibration to occur.

period

is represented by the letter T and is measured in seconds (s).

frequency

is the number of complete waves or cycles that pass a certain point in one second.

frequency

It is represented by the letter f and is measured in Hertz (Hz).

hertz (hz)

frequency is measured in?

v=fy

formula for wave speed

mechanical wave

 is a type of wave that requires a medium to travel.

transverse wave

A wave where particles of the medium move perpendicular (up and down) to the direction the wave travels.

longitudinal wave

A wave where particles of the medium move parallel to the direction the wave travels.

compression

is the region of a wave where the particles of the medium are close together, resulting in an area of high pressure and high density. It is commonly observed in longitudinal waves, such as sound waves.

rarefaction

is the region of a wave where the particles of the medium are spread farther apart, creating an area of low pressure and low density

electromagnetic waves

are waves that transfer energy through space using vibrating electric and magnetic fields

electromagnetic waves

do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum (empty space)

electromagnetic spectrum

is the complete range of electromagnetic waves arranged according to wavelength and frequency

radio waves

are a type of electromagnetic wave with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum.

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays

complete order of electromagnetic spectrum

hint: r-m-i-v-u-x-g

visible light

is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye.

ultraviolet

means “beyond violet”

gamma rays

are produced by nuclear reactions, radioactive materials, and powerful events in space.

reflection

bouncing back of light when it strikes a surface instead of passing through it

law of reflection

states: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

refraction

is the bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another because its speed changes

sound

is a mechanical wave that requires a material medium to travel and exhibits properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, pitch, and loudness.

light

an electromagnetic wave that can travel through a vacuum and exhibits properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and dispersion.