12CPC Information Representation

Base

Number of different digits in a system.

Place Value

Specific value of a digit based on position.

Denary

Base 10 number system.

Binary Systems

Base 2 number system using 0 and 1.

Bits

Binary digits representing data.

Binary Representation

All data and characters represented in binary.

Binary Prefix

Prefix indicating binary factor values.

Denary Prefix

Prefix indicating decimal factor values.

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

4-bit representation for each denary digit.

Nibble

Group of 4 bits in binary.

Two's Complement

Method for representing negative binary numbers.

Most Significant Bit (MSB)

Leftmost bit indicating sign in binary.

Hexadecimal Systems

Base 16 number system using 0-9 and A-F.

Character Set

Collection of characters with binary representations.

Character Encoding

Mapping characters to binary values.

ASCII

7-bit encoding for English characters.

Extended ASCII

8-bit encoding including European languages.

Unicode

Encoding for global languages using 2 or 4 bytes.

Bitmap Images

Images created by assigning colors to pixels.

Image Resolution

Number of pixels in an image.

Screen Resolution

Pixels visible on a device's screen.

Colour Depth

Bits used to represent a pixel's color.

File Size Calculation

File size based on pixels and color depth.

Vector Graphics

Graphics made of mathematically defined objects.

Drawing Objects

Shapes defined mathematically in vector graphics.

Scalability

Ability to resize without quality loss.

Analogue Data

Continuous electrical signals representing information.

Digital Data

Discrete electrical signals representing information.

Sound Signals

Vibrations through a medium, inherently analogue.

Sampling Rate

Number of samples taken per time unit.

Sampling Resolution

Bits used to encode each sound sample.

Bit Rate

Bits used to store one second of sound.

Compression

Process of reducing file size without quality loss.

Lossless Compression

Compression allowing perfect reconstruction of data.

Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

Lossless compression encoding identical sequences.

Lossy Compression

Compression that irreversibly eliminates unnecessary data.

Perceptual Coding

Removes inaudible parts in sound file compression.

Maximum Positive Number (8 bits)

127, highest value in 8-bit binary.

Maximum Negative Number (8 bits)

-128, lowest value in 8-bit binary.

Hexadecimal Example

A5 in denary equals 165.

File Header

Metadata in bitmap images including size.

Image Size

Total number of pixels in an image.

Binary to Denary Conversion

Process of converting binary numbers to decimal.

Denary to Binary Conversion

Process of converting decimal numbers to binary.