Unit 1 Sports Med

What are the 3 types of tissue?

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Where is cardiac muscle found?

in the heart and not voluntarily controlled

Where is smooth muscle found?

in internal organs and not voluntarily controlled

Where is skeletal muscle located?

on tendons on bones and is voluntarily controlled

what is a Tendon?

tissue that attaches skeletal muscles to bones

non contractile

what are ligaments?

tissue that connects bone to bone

non contractile

rigid and provides structural support

prevent 2 bones from moving apart

what are the 2 main types of cartilage?

fibrocartilage and articular cartilage

What is fibrocartilage?

strongest cartilage in the body and makes up our meniscus in our knee and the intervertebral discs in our back

What is articular cartilage?

covers the end of every bone and reduces friction

What is fascia?

fibrous, non contractile, connective tissue that weaves through the whole body

what is another name for fascia?

myofascia

can muscles contract with fascia?

no

What are bones composed of? What is the purpose of bones?

tissue that makes up about 65% inorganic materials (calcium) and 35% organic material (marrow, blood vessels)

forms the structure of the body

what are the 2 types of bone?

cancellous “spongy” found at the ends of bones and less dense

compact bone

how many bones are in the human body?

206 bones

what are the 2 skeletons?

axial and appendicular

what are the skeleton’s functions?

supports the body and aids in movement

supports and protects vital organs

produces white and red blood cells

provides a storehouse for minerals

what bones are in the shoulder girdle of the appendicular skeleton?

humerus, clavicle, scapula, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

what bones are in the pelvic girdle of the appendicular skeleton?

pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, phalanges

Long bones

longer than wide

ends are called epiphysis

central shaft is called diaphysis

long bones support body weight and movement

found in the appendicular skeleton

flat bones

protect vital organs

large surface area for muscles

short bones

long and wide equally

provide stability and movement

tarsal bones and carpals

irregular bones

vary in size and shape

complex shape that protects organs and spinal cord

sesamoid bones

embedded within a tendon

gives pull for muscles

Examples: patella, big toe, thumb

sesame seed shaped

what is the outer layer of bone called?

compact or cortical bone

what is the interior layer of bone called?

trabecular bone/spongy bone

What is inside the diaphysis?

medullary cavity and yellow bone marrow

what is the exterior of bone covered by?

tough fibrous layer called the periosteum

what is the function of the periosteum?

aid bone repair, nourish the bone, and signal pain sensation

What plane is this?

transverse plane

what plane is this?

frontal plane

what plane is this?

sagittal plane

what axis does the transverse plane have?

longitudinal axis

what axis does the frontal plane have?

anterior/posterior axis

what axis does the sagittal plane have?

medial/lateral axis

anterior

front

posterior

behind

superior

towards the top

inferior

towards the bottom

proximal

closer to the heart

distal

further from the heart

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline