EXPH 2115 Key Terms -- Lecture 5: Hormonal Control During Exercise

Endocrine System

body system of ductless cells operating through hormones to help regulate body functions

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

usually steroid-based, do not travel freely in the blood, bind intracellularly

e.g., androgens, cortisol

Water-Soluble Hormones

usually protein-based, travel freely in the blood, bind to extracellular receptors

e.g., GH, insulin

second messenger

intracellular signal initiated by an extracellular molecule’s binding

circadian rhythm

innate daily fluctuation of behavioral and physiologic function, related to 24-hour day/night cycle

growth hormone

pituitary peptide hormone that aids repair and fuel mobilization, levels increase during long duration exercise

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

pituitary peptide hormone that promotes fertility by stimulating/supporting gamete development

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates production of gonadal reproductive hormones

cortisol

adrenal cortex steroid hormone, aids fuel mobilization and immune suppression, increase during long duration

Catecholamines

class of chemical substances that include the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and hormone epinephrine

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

catecholamine neurotransmitter of the SNS, comprises ~20% of adrenal medulla output

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

catecholamine hormone released by adrenal medulla upon SNS stimulation

Type 1 Diabetes

youth onset autoimmune condition of pancreatic β-cell destruction and thus loss of insulin production

Type 2 Diabetes

condition of increasing insensitivity to circulating insulin, adult onset but age of diagnosis trending lower

Insulin

pancreatic β-cell peptide hormone that acts to lower blood glucose level by facilitating tissue uptake

Glucagon

pancreatic α-cell peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose level by facilitating liver production

Erythropoietin (EPO)

renal peptide hormone secreted in response to low O2 levels, stimulates red bone marrow RBC production