giving me high blood pressure (heart pt 2)

systole

contract phase & pressure increases

diastole

relax phase and filling

if ventricles are contracting & pumping blood thru valves…

…atria are relaxed and filling

depolarize

electrical activity/stimulate

contraction/systole

repolarize

reversal of electrical activity, relax

P waves

record electrical activity through upper heart chambers

atrial depolarization (electrical)

contracting atria (systole)

should not be more than 1-2 large box tall & no more than 2.5 boxes wide

PR interval

time from beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS Complex

heart health, diagnose diseases

QRS Complex

records the electrical activity through the lower heart chambers

vascular depolarization (e), contracting ventricles = systole

R (highest), S (lowest)

T waves

records the electrical activity through upper heart chambers

atrial repolarization (relax), relaxing atria = diastole

Cardiac output

volume pumped by ventricles per minute.

Maintain blood flow throughout body, measure of blood volume ejected from heart over given time

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Avg: 5.2 L -5.25 L (blood in body)

stroke volume

mL pumped per ventricle contraction (avg=70mL)

amount for blood ejected from ventricles during one heartbeat

heart rate

BPM (avg 75)

cardiac output affected by

hormones, stress, age, stimulants (caffeine/meth), depressants, chemoreception (CO2 detection)

chemoreception

CO2 detection

high CO2=acid

cardiac output increases > get blood to lungs

adrenaline

sympathetic

stress

what beta adrenegic receptors respond to

beta adrenegic receptors

respond to adrenaline

get blocked by beta blockers = competitive inhibition

when no adrenaline, cardiac output decreases > blood pressure decreases

parasympathetic system

“rest & digest”

neurons release acetylcholine neurotransmitter = slows HR and contraction force

Acetylcholine (ACH)

part of parasympathetic system > lowers cardiac output & BP

max rate

take 220 BMP - age

blood pressure

force exerted on artery wall

systolic blood pressure

top number

left ventricle contracts & pressure is passed to aorta wall muscle which distends/bulges/dilates

(90-120 mmHG)

diastole blood pressure

bottom number

left ventricle relaxes & aorta recoils on blood > pushes flow

(60-80 mmHg)

sphygmomanometer

cuff closes artery → listen

as pressure released, BP overcomes the cuff = artery opens

reads sound/korotkoff

Korotkoff

sound starts = systole reading (120)

once sound stops = diastolic pressure reading (80)

BP influenced by

epinephrine, T3

Compliance

how easy a vessel stretches > elastic

atherosclerosis reduces it

atherosclerosis

hardening artery

coronary artery disease

leads to MI (Heart attack)

volume

if decreased, pressure/flow rate decreased

ischemia

lack of flow to tissue & no perfusion

augustus gloop

decreased blood = decreased oxygen

perfuse

through

volume of blood that flows through tissue (organs) per minute

myocardial infarction

ischemia/ block of blood & oxygen to myocardium > necrosis (death)

heart attack

ischemia symptoms

left arm pain

angina (chest pain)

dyspnea (diffculty breathing)

vomiting

diaphoresis (excess sweating)

cyanosis (turn blue bcos no Oxygen)

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

manually compress blood in heart to push some into pulmonary & systemic circuits

standard call for compression of chest 5 cm deep & at a rate of 100 compressions/minute

ekg order

P waves > PR interval > QRS complex > T waves