Chemistry Solutions: Vapor Pressure and Colligative Properties

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to solutions, vapor pressure, colligative properties, and their implications in chemistry.

Colligative Properties

Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles, not their identity.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.

Molarity (M)

The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality (m)

The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Raoult's Law

States that the vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution.

Non-volatile Solute

A solute that does not readily evaporate and thus affects the vapor pressure of the solvent.

Positive Deviation

Occurs when the vapor pressure of a solution is higher than expected, indicating weaker solute-solvent interactions.

Negative Deviation

Occurs when the vapor pressure of a solution is lower than expected, indicating stronger solute-solvent interactions.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in the freezing point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in the boiling point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.

Osmosis

The movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

Reverse Osmosis

Process where solvent is forced through a semipermeable membrane from a concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution, often requiring external pressure.

Henry's Law

States that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid.

Vapor Pressure Lowering

A colligative property resulting from the addition of a solute to a solvent, causing a decrease in the solvent's vapor pressure.

Ideal Solution

A solution where the solute and solvent have similar intermolecular forces, resulting in predictable behavior according to Raoult's Law.

Semi-permeable Membrane

A membrane that allows selective passage of certain molecules while blocking others.